ASTM E2457-07(2013)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Healthcare Informatics (Withdrawn 2022)
Standard Terminology for Healthcare Informatics (Withdrawn 2022)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This standard vocabulary is intended to be used as a reference about terms used in standards for healthcare informatics and in general discussions about informatics issues relating to the healthcare sector, including: clinical care, resource management, policy, clinical or health services research or biomedical research in basic or applied areas of science that refer to the healthcare sector. It contains “Elected Terms” rather than the “Preferred” terms used in the terminologic literature. This is a usage coined within the CEN TC-251 community to reflect the fact that there is consensus agreement on the usage of a particular form rather than an imposition. This consensual agreement to usage better reflects the incentives for common usage rather than mandates. Alternate forms (Synonymy) of an elected term exist and are cataloged for the same concept, in accordance with ISO/DIS 1087-1, ISO 704, ISO 12620, and EN-12017, ISO/DIS 860, EN-12264, and ANSDIT.
3.2 The system used to classify these terms is in the full context of all of the terminology of biomedicine, as well as about the healthcare system itself as it is used throughout the health domain. It has drawn on the terms used in both EN-12017 and in UMLS for biomedicine (Guide E1284, Specification E1633, ISO 12200, GALEN). The coding scheme described in Section 5 used to represent this classification was developed for this terminology from the Unified Medical Language System documentation produced by the National Library of Medicine.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is intended to name and document the principal concepts, and their associated terms, that are utilized in the healthcare information domain and all of its specialized subdomains. It is applicable to all areas of healthcare about which information is kept or utilized. It is intended to complement and utilize those concepts already identified by other national and international standards bodies. It will identify alternate accepted terms for the same concept and its elected term. Its terms are intended to clarify and simplify usage in the dialog and documentation about the concepts, processes and data that are used to schedule, conduct and manage all phases of healthcare. This common usage will improve the quality and management of all facets of healthcare by means of explicit information used in referring to each of these facets. These health informatics terms have been collected here specifically in order to facilitate the consistent use of common concepts in informatics standards development and use throughout healthcare. A separate process from this standard that is described in ISO 15188 will manage the approval of biomedical and healthcare terms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This terminology is intended to name and document the principal concepts, and their associated terms, that are utilized in the healthcare information domain and all of its specialized subdomains.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E31 on Healthcare Informatics, this terminology was withdrawn in January 2022 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2457 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Terminology for
Healthcare Informatics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2457; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This terminology is intended to name and document the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
principal concepts, and their associated terms, that are utilized E1239 Practice for Description of Reservation/Registration-
in the healthcare information domain and all of its specialized Admission, Discharge, Transfer (R-ADT) Systems for
subdomains. It is applicable to all areas of healthcare about Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems (Withdrawn
which information is kept or utilized. It is intended to comple- 2017)
ment and utilize those concepts already identified by other E1284 Guide for Construction of a Clinical Nomenclature
national and international standards bodies. It will identify for Support of Electronic Health Records (Withdrawn
alternate accepted terms for the same concept and its elected 2007)
term. Its terms are intended to clarify and simplify usage in the E1384 Practice for Content and Structure of the Electronic
dialog and documentation about the concepts, processes and Health Record (Withdrawn 2017)
data that are used to schedule, conduct and manage all phases E1633 SpecificationforCodedValuesUsedintheElectronic
ofhealthcare.Thiscommonusagewillimprovethequalityand Health Record (Withdrawn 2017)
management of all facets of healthcare by means of explicit E1762 Guide for Electronic Authentication of Health Care
information used in referring to each of these facets. These Information (Withdrawn 2017)
health informatics terms have been collected here specifically E1869 Guide for Confidentiality, Privacy, Access, and Data
in order to facilitate the consistent use of common concepts in SecurityPrinciplesforHealthInformationIncludingElec-
informatics standards development and use throughout health- tronic Health Records (Withdrawn 2017)
care.Aseparate process from this standard that is described in E1985 Guide for User Authentication and Authorization
ISO 15188 will manage the approval of biomedical and (Withdrawn 2017)
healthcare terms. E1986 Guide for Information Access Privileges to Health
Information (Withdrawn 2017)
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1987 Guide for Individual Rights Regarding Health Infor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mation (Withdrawn 2007)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E2087 Specification for Quality Indicators for Controlled
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Health Vocabularies (Withdrawn 2009)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E2147 Specification for Audit and Disclosure Logs for Use
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
in Health Information Systems (Withdrawn 2017)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.2 CEN Standards:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
EN-12017 Medical Informatics Vocabulary (MIVoc)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
EN-12264 Categorical Structure of Syntax of Concepts—
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Model for Representation of Semantics (MOSE)
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E31 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Healthcare Informatics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E31.35 on the ASTM website.
Healthcare Data Analysis. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved March 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originally www.astm.org.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2457 – 07. DOI: Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
10.1520/E2457-07R13. Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2457 − 07 (2013)
2.3 ISO Standards: cation was developed for this terminology from the Unified
ISO 704 Principles and Methods of Terminology Medical Language System documentation produced by the
ISO/DIS 860 International Harmonization of Concepts and National Library of Medicine.
Terms
ISO/DIS 1087-1 Terminology—Vocabulary—Part 1 Theory
4. Terminology
and Application
4.1 Vocabulary about Vocabulary—This section lists those
ISO/DIS 1087-2 Terminology—Vocabulary—Part 2 Com-
terms used for vocabulary in this document which do not
puter Applications
appear in the above referenced standards; however, the follow-
ISO 2382/4 Information Technology—Vocabulary—
ing general terms in ISO/DIS 1087-1 are included for under-
Organization of Data
standing:
ISO 10241 Terminology—Standards Representation and
4.2 ISO/DIS 1087-1 Terms:
Layout
admitted term—term accepted as a synonym for a preferred
ISO 12200 Terminology—Computer Applications—
term by an authoritative body.
Machine Readable Terminology Interchange Format
ISO/IEC 12207 Life Cycle Processes
designation—representation of a concept by linguistic or
ISO 12620 Terminology—Computer Applications—Data
non-linguistic means.
Categories
DISCUSSION—In terminologic work, Symbols and Terms are the two
ISO 15188 Project Management Guidelines forTerminology
designations.
Interchange Format
glossary—documentthatcontainsalistoftermsfromasubject
2.4 Other Documents:
field and their designations.
American National Standard Dictionary of Information
Technology (ANSDIT) http:/www.incits.org
preferred term—termrecommendedbyanauthoritativebody.
CEN PrENV 11994 Medical Informatics Vocabulary
special language—language for special purposes.
GALEN GeneralizedArchitectureforLanguage,Encyclope-
diasandNomenclaturesinMedicine:Univ.ofManchester
technical dictionary—dictionary of terminologic entries or
IEEE 610.5 Glossary of Data Management
designation-related information, from one or more specific
Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Knowledge
subject fields.
Sources National Library of Medicine 7th Experimental
Edition January 1996 term—designation consisting of one or more words which
denote a given concept in a special language (language for
3. Significance and Use
special purposes).
3.1 This standard vocabulary is intended to be used as a
terminology—set of terms belonging to one special language.
reference about terms used in standards for healthcare infor-
matics and in general discussions about informatics issues
vocabulary—technical dictionary that contains designations
relating to the healthcare sector, including: clinical care,
and definitions from one or more special subject fields.
resource management, policy, clinical or health services re-
4.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
search or biomedical research in basic or applied areas of
candidate term—that form which has been submitted to the
science that refer to the healthcare sector. It contains “Elected
reference body for election as that to be used in data
Terms” rather than the “Preferred” terms used in the termino-
interchange and in situations requiring wide understanding
logic literature. This is a usage coined within the CEN TC-251
but which has not yet achieved that election.
community to reflect the fact that there is consensus agreement
on the usage of a particular form rather than an imposition. data element—(1) named unit of data that, in some contexts,
This consensual agreement to usage better reflects the incen-
isconsideredindivisibleandinothercontextsmayconsistof
tives for common usage rather than mandates.Alternate forms data items; and (2) a named identifier of each of the entities
(Synonymy) of an elected term exist and are cataloged for the
and their attributes that are represented in a database. ANSI
same concept, in accordance with ISO/DIS 1087-1, ISO 704, X3.172-1990
ISO 12620, and EN-12017, ISO/DIS 860, EN-12264, and
data item—named component of a data element; usually the
ANSDIT.
smallest component. ANSI X3.172-1990
3.2 The system used to classify these terms is in the full
data value—instance of a data item. ANSI X3.172-1990
context of all of the terminology of biomedicine, as well as
about the healthcare system itself as it is used throughout the
elected term—that form which is rapidly and fully understood
health domain. It has drawn on the terms used in both
as representing the defined concept and which has been
EN-12017 and in UMLS for biomedicine (Guide E1284,
agreed by consensus that it will stand for that concept in the
Specification E1633, ISO 12200, GALEN). The coding
wide majority of situations where that concept is noted.
scheme described in Section 5 used to represent this classifi-
lexicon—collection of terms used in a particular profession or
subject area.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. 4.4 Acronyms:
E2457 − 07 (2013)
ANSI HITSP—American National Standards Institute Health
1. Health technology components (1.3.2.1)
2. Interventional equipment (1.3.2.2)
Information Technology Standards Panel
3. ECG Devices (1.3.2.3)
4. Safety (1.3.2.4)
CEN—Committee European Normalization
3. Healthcare System/Setting
11. Informatics (2.)
HL7—Health Level Seven
1. Informatics Basics (2.1)
1. Terminology (2.1.1)
ISO—International Standards Organization
1. Concept (2.1.1.1)
1. Concept Type (2.1.1.1.1)
SDO—Standards Developer Organization
2. Concept System (2.1.1.1.2)
3. Composite Concept (2.1.1.1.3)
5. Classification Schema
4. Type of Modifier (2.1.1.1.4)
2. Characteristic (2.1.1.2)
5.1 The rationale for placement of healthcare informatics
3. Term (2.1.1.3)
terms within an existing schema involves combination of
4. Object (2.1.1.4)
2. Modelling (2.1.2)
concepts given in EN-12017 with that of the Semantic Types
1. Information Domain (2.1.2.1)
used in UMLS (v-7, p. 30) by adding groups and subgroups
2. Functional Domain (2.1.2.2)
from EN-12017 to new sub categories in UMLS.The locations
3. View (2.1.2.3)
4. Modeling Technique (2.1.2.4)
of these insertions are shown as follows:
2. Information Systems (2.2)
EN 12017 classification shown in ( )
1. Information System (2.2.1)
Extensions to UMLS Semantic Type in Bold
2. Information (2.2.2)
3. Data Security (2.2.3)
A. Entity
1. Confidentiality (2.2.3.1)
2. Conceptual entity
2. Privacy (2.2.3.2)
1. Idea or Concept
3. Cryptography (2.2.3.3)
2. Finding
4. Access Control (2.2.3.4)
3. Organism Attribute
5. Data Availability (2.2.3.5)
4. Intellectual Product
6. Data Integrity (2.2.3.6)
5. Language
7. Security Audit (2.2.3.7)
6. Occupation or Discipline
8. Security Policy (2.2.3.8)
1. Biomedicine Occupation or Discipline
9. Threat (2.2.3.9)
2. Professional, Service, Administrative, Agricultural or Manufacturing
10. Physical Security (2.2.3.10)
Occupation
3. Processes (2.3)
7. Organization (1.2.3)
1. Data access (2.3.1)
1. Healthcare related organization
2. Imaging (2.3.2)
1. Healthcare-delivery organization (1.2.3.1)
3. Communication (2.3.3)
2. Issuing organization (1.2.3.2)
4. Measurement (2.3.4)
3. Registration authority (1.2.3.3)
4. Devices (2.4)
4. Sponsoring authority (1.2.3.4)
1. Intermittently Connected Device (2.4.1)
5. Healthcare Facility
2. Healthcare Person Device (2.4.2)
2. Professional Society
3. Electronic Healthcare Cards (2.4.3)
3. Self-help or relief organization
5. Data (2.5)
4. Healthcare party (1.2.4)
1. Data types (2.5.1)
1. Laboratory service provider (1.2.4.1)
2. Data structures (2.5.2)
2. Laboratory service requester (1.2.4.2)
3. Codes (2.5.3)
3. Subject of Investigation (1.2.4.3)
4. Record (2.5.4)
4. Consent (1.2.4.4)
1. Healthcare record (2.5.4.1)
5. Healthcare accountability (1.2.5)
5. Register (2.5.5)
1. Contract
6. Healthcare statistics (2.5.6)
2. Management
7. ECG Data (2.5.7)
3. Professional License
B. Event
6. Healthcare Enterprise (1.2.7.1)
1. Activity
1. Healthcare enterprise constituencies (1.2.7.1.1)
3. Occupational Activity
2. Healthcare enterprise dimensions (1.2.7.1.2)
1. Healthcare Activity (1.1)
3. Healthcare enterprise view (1.2.7.1.3)
1. Healthcare Service (1.1.1)
7. Organizational policies (1.2.7.2)
1. Diagnostic Procedure (1.1.1.1)
8. Organizational strategies (1.2.7.3)
1. Investigation (1.1.1.1.1)
8. Group attribute
1. Laboratory Examination (1.1.1.1.1.1)
9. Group
2. Therapeutic/Preventive Procedure
1. Professional or Occupational Group
1. Surgical Deed (1.1.1.2)
1. Healthcare Players (1.2)
2. Nursing Procedure (1.1.1.3)
1. Healthcare professionals (1.2.2)
3. Administrative service
1. Healthcare practitioner (1.2.2.1)
4. Clinical Service
2. Healthcare workers
2. Ancillary Service (1.1.1.2)
2. Population
3. Telemedicine (1.1.1.3)
3. Family
4. Healthcare Scheduling/appointing (1.1.2)
4. Age
5. Clinical Orders (1.1.3)
5. Patient or Disabled Group
1. Laboratory service order (1.1.3.1)
1. Individual Patient
6. Quality assurance (1.1.4)
10. Resources (1.3)
2. Research Activity
1. Healthcare Informatics (1.3.1)
3. Governmental or Regulatory Activity
1. Health Information Technology (1.3.1.1)
4. Educational Activity
1. Health Information Technology Components (1.3.1.1.1)
2. Phenomenon or Process
2. Healthcare Technology (1.3.2)
E2457 − 07 (2013)
7. Terms and Definitions: Candidate Terms
1. Anthropogenic phenomenon
2. Natural phenomenon
7.1 AnnexA2 includes that list of candidate terms (without
1. Biologic Function
1. Physiologic Function definitions) for which full consensus has not yet been reached
2. Pathologic Function
but which are widely used either in the elected or alternate
forms. Continuing work is underway to elect the form which is
6. Terms and Definitions: Current Elected Terms
intended to be that widely recognized for the defined concept.
Upon election, the term entry (with elected definition) will be
6.1 Annex A1 contains the entries currently elected by the
subcommittees of ASTM Technical Committee E31 and sub- transferred to Annex A1. Terms are further classified in
Appendix X1 by the taxonomy given in 4.1.
mitted to other SDOs of the ANSI HITSP. Terms not fully
agreed u
...
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