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ASTM D933-84(2007)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits

Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The results are used to characterize the scale formed and used to evaluate the quality of water used in the unit. Characterizing the scale will assist in the design of the water treatment process to avoid further scale buildup. The use of modern up-to-date chemical detection units will increase the usefulness of the practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the results of examination and analysis for inorganic constituents of deposits formed from waters are to be reported.
1.2 While various practices of reporting the analysis of water-formed deposits are in use, this practice is intended as a rational and comprehensive practice for general application. For use in specific industries or individual cases, molecular combinations may be useful and desirable.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2007
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D933-84(2003) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D933-84(2012) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
01-Jan-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2331-08(2022) - Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D596-01(2018) - Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4025-18 - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D934-22 - Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007

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ASTM D933-84(2007) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed DepositsASTM D933-84(2007) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
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ASTM D933-84(2007) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D933–84(Reapproved2007)
Standard Practice for
Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-
Formed Deposits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Characterizing the scale will assist in the design of the water
treatment process to avoid further scale buildup. The use of
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the results of
modern up-to-date chemical detection units will increase the
examination and analysis for inorganic constituents of deposits
usefulness of the practice.
formed from waters are to be reported.
1.2 While various practices of reporting the analysis of
5. History of Sample
water-formed deposits are in use, this practice is intended as a
5.1 Information regarding the source and history of the
rational and comprehensive practice for general application.
sample shall be included in the report of the analysis. This
For use in specific industries or individual cases, molecular
information should be that specified in Practices D887,as
combinations may be useful and desirable.
follows:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
5.1.1 Name of individual or company supplying sample,
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
5.1.2 Geographic origin of sample,
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
5.1.3 Date and time of sampling,
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5.1.4 Number of sample,
limitations prior to use.
5.1.5 Name and other designation of equipment from which
2. Referenced Documents sample was removed,
5.1.6 Precise location from which sample was removed (for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
example, exactly what turbine blade),
D887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
5.1.7 Appearance and extent of deposit prior to removal,
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5.1.8 Type of deposit—whether scale, sludge, biological
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
deposit, or corrosion product as defined in Practices D887,
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5.1.9 Exact method that was used in removing the sample
3. Terminology
and notes concerning any contamination that might have
occurred during the process,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
5.1.10 Operating temperature and pressure of liquid or
tice reference should be made to Terminology D1129.
vapor in the equipment that contained the deposit,
4. Significance and Use
5.1.11 Type of treatment applied to the water that formed
the deposit or to the water that furnished steam to the affected
4.1 Theresultsareusedtocharacterizethescaleformedand
zone,
used to evaluate the quality of water used in the unit.
5.1.12 An account of discrepancies in operating condition
that may have contributed to deposition (for example, water
starving),
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
5.1.13 Results of field tests made on the sample or related
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
equipment, and
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
5.1.14 Signature of sampler.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D933 – 84 (2003).
6. Physical Characteristics
DOI: 10.1520/D0933-84R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 The report shall include a description of the physical
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
characteristics of the sample, including any peculiarities that
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. may be pertinent in its further examination.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D933–84 (2007)
6.2 Characteristics such as the following may be recorded: 8. Reporting of Chemical Analysis
color, form, (scaly, slimy, drusy, etc.), texture (oily, smooth,
8.1 All data, except water, shall be reported as percentage
friable, gritty, etc.), hardness, magnetic properties (as deter-
by weight of the dry sample. Water shall be reported on the
mined by test with magnet), and structure (amorphous, crys-
as-received basis.
talline, columnar crystals).
8.2 For convenience in calculation, values for oxides, acid
anhydrides, and combined water may also be expressed on a
7. Completeness and Accuracy of Analysis
basis of chemical equivalents. Values for relative equivalents
7.1 Thedeterminationstobereportedinacompleteanalysis
areobtainedbydividingeachvalueofpercentagebyweightby
shall be those listed in Table 1. For many practical purposes, a
the equivalent weight of the respective oxide, acid radical, or
less complete analysis will suffice. In other instances the
water.
location or nature of the deposit or a knowledge of the
8.3 Quantitative determinations shall be reported to the
compositionoftheequipmentaffectedwillsuggesttheneedfor
nearest 0.1 % (8.4).When a quantitative determination is made
determinations in addition to those listed.
and a negative result is obtained, it shall be reported as “0.0”
7.2 The completeness and accuracy of the analysis should
withanotationastotheamountofsampleusedandthemethod
be carefully appraised before reporting. In a complete analysis,
of determination. When a determination has been omitted, but
the summation of all determinations under oxides, acid radi- the heading of the determination is carried in a tabulation with
cals, ether-extractable matter, carbonaceous matter, and com-
determinations of other samples, the absence of a determina-
bined water shall total 100 62%. tionforanyotherspecificsampleshallbeindicatedbyanent
...

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4.1 Most waters rarely contain more than trace concentrations of cobalt from natural sources. Although trace amounts of cobalt seem to be essential to the nutrition of some animals, large amounts have pronounced toxic effects on both plant and animal life.
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5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP).  
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.  
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D3645-15(2023)(Test Method)
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4.1 These test methods are significant because the concentration of beryllium in water must be measured accurately in order to evaluate potential health and environmental effects.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters:    
Concentration
Range  
Sections  
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7 to 17  
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10 μg/L to 50 μg/L  
18 to 26  
1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
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ASTM D3859-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom exceed 10 μg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce concentrations as high as several hundred micrograms per litre. Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant source of selenium in rivers and streams.  
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to monitor its concentration.  
4.3 These test methods determine the dominant species of selenium reportedly found in most natural and wastewaters, including selenities, selenates, and organo-selenium compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable selenium in most waters and wastewaters. Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
7 – 16  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
17 – 26  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to both inorganic and organic forms of dissolved selenium. They are applicable also to particulate forms of the element, provided that they are solubilized in the appropriate acid digestion step. However, certain selenium-containing heavy metallic sediments may not undergo digestion.  
1.3 These test methods are most applicable within the following ranges:    
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
1 μg/L to 20 μg/L  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
2 μg/L to 100 μg/L
These ranges may be extended (with a corresponding loss in precision) by decreasing the sample size or diluting the original sample, but concentrations much greater than the upper limits are more conveniently determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.12 and 13.14.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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