ASTM F2713-09
(Specification)Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Field Hockey
Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Field Hockey
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, designed for use by players of field hockey that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact by and penetration of field hockey balls and field hockey sticks. Contact with the eye of the headform constitutes failure. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2713 −09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
Eye Protectors for Field Hockey
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI Standards:
ANSI Z80.3Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, designed for
and Fashion Eyewear
use by players of field hockey that minimize or significantly
ANSI Z87.1Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye
reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact by and
and Face Protectors
penetration of field hockey balls and field hockey sticks.
2.3 Federal Standard:
Contact with the eye of the headform constitutes failure.
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
Protective eyewear offers protection only to the eyes and does
Technical Publication 374 Method for Determining the
not protect other parts of the head.
Resolving Power of Photographic Lenses
1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye
2.4 Canadian Standard:
contact is determined by observation.
CSAZ262.6Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
only. Metric units of measurement in this specification are in
3.1.1 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is
accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a
shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous
valueformeasurementasgiveninthisspecificationisfollowed
activity of the two eyes.
by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be
regarded as the requirement.Agiven equivalent value may be
3.1.2 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a
approximate.
protector, which has its center in line with the wearer’s normal
line of sight.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The zone is circular in shape, and 40
test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-
mmindiameter.Thecenterofthecentralviewingzoneshallbe
tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
mounted on the CSA headform.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.1.3 cleanable, n—abilityofaprotectivedevicetobemade
limitations prior to use.
readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an
appropriatecleaningprocess,suchastheuseofsoapandwater.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 coeffıcient of restitution, n—fractionalvaluerepresent-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing the ratio of velocities before and after an impact.
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
3.1.5 compression-deflection, n—forcerequiredtocompress
of Transparent Plastics
a ball a given distance.
F1887Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-
3.1.6 coverage, n—characteristic of a protective device that
tution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the
F1888Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Base-
wearer’s eyes.
balls and Softballs
3.1.7 definition (optical), n—characteristic of a lens that
allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
cerned when looking through the lens.
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
F2713-09. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
the ASTM website. Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2713−09
3.1.8 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the 3.1.18.4 base-down, n—refers to the type of prism that
eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye causesahorizontalbeamoflighttobenddowncausingobjects
protective device through which a wearer’s eye would nor- to appear higher than their true position.
mally look.
3.1.19 prism imbalance, n—
3.1.9 eye of the headform, n—allstructurescontainedwithin 3.1.19.1 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in prismatic
the orbital rim of the CSA headform.
deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of a
protective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in and
3.1.10 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a
base-out).
normally incident beam which is not trans mitted in a focused
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.
3.1.19.2 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic de-
3.1.10.1 Discussion—Excessive haze will reduce contrast
viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes
and visibility.
of a protective device in the vertical meridian.
3.1.11 headform optical parameters, n—key dimensions for
3.1.20 protective device (or protector), n—device that pro-
the headforms.
vides protection to the wearer’s eye against specific hazards
encountered in sports.
3.1.12 impact resistance, n—ability of a device to afford
protection from impact as required by this specification.
3.1.21 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens ex-
pressed in diopters.
3.1.13 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or
partsofaprotectivedevicethroughwhichthewearernormally
3.1.21.1 astigmatism, n—conditioninalensthatcreatestwo
sees.
axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two
3.1.14 luminous transmittance, n—function of the spectral
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding
ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of
3.1.22 scotoma, n—blind or partially blind area within the
the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the
visual field.
spectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,
3.1.23 spherical power, n—averageofthemaximummeridi-
Paragraph 3.9.1.)
onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmatic
3.1.15 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal
power of a lens.
lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate
headform.
4. Classification
3.1.16 penetration resistance, n—ability of a device to
4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:
afford protection from moving objects as required by this
4.1.1 Type I—Aprotector with the lens or lenses and frame
specification.
frontpiecemoldedasoneunit.Frametemplesorotherdevices,
3.1.17 power imbalance, n—relates to the condition in such as straps, to affix the lens/frontpiece may be separate
which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector pieces.
is different as presented to the two eyes. 4.1.2 Type II—Aprotectorwithasinglelensorlenses,either
plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufac-
3.1.18 prism, n—device that bends a beam of light as a
tured as a separate unit.
result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens
4.1.3 Type III—A protector without a lens.
through which the beam of light traverses.
3.1.18.1 Discussion—The amount of bending is a function
5. General Requirements
of the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material
and the angle of approach of the line of sight to the optical
5.1 Materials of Construction:
surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in
bendingthatisimposeduponthelineofsightofawearerofan
accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
eye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism is
5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
expressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1
shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
cm/m is one prism diopter.
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face,
3.1.18.1 base-in, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance
except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
of strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result of
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-
perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearer’s skin and hair.
verge.
5.1.3.1 Manufacturerwillprovidematerialselectionand,by
affidavit, support 5.1.1-5.1.3.
3.1.18.2 base-out, n—relating to the type of prism imbal-
5.1.4 Cleanability—Protective devices shall be capable of
ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through
being cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor-
a protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to
dance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remain
diverge.
functional in all ways.
3.1.18.3 base-up, n—refers to the type of prism that causes
a horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to 5.2 Finishes and Construction—The protector shall be con-
appear lower than their true position. structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of
F2713−09
the protector from contact with the eye of the headform when 6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 10, any
tested in accordance with Section 10. displacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts the
eye, constitutes a failure.
5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the
6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headform
protector passes the standard without straps.
when tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not constitute
a failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements
6. Performance Requirements
are met.
6.1 Optical Requirements—Type I and II Protectors:
7. Sample Preparation
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
with 8.6, the spherical power shall be in the range of +0.06
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for
diopters to –0.18 diopters.
sale shall be tested.
6.1.2 Astigmatism—Whentestedinaccordancewith8.5,the
7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at two
astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.
temperatures, 35 6 2°C and –6 6 2°C for a minimum of 4 h.
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not
exceed 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead TEST METHODS
seeing.
8. Optical Tests
6.1.4 Prism—Fortheprimaryviewingpositionofeithereye
of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not
8.1 Optical Quality—Localized power errors or aberrations
exceed0.50prismdiopterswhentestedinaccordancewith8.3.
thataredetectedbythevisualinspectionprocedureof8.1.1are
6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:
permissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescope
6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In—0.25 prism diopters. target distortion or blur is found when the localized area is
examined with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.
6.1.5.2 Base-Out—0.50 prism diopters.
8.1.1 Inspection Procedure—One method of optical inspec-
6.1.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance
tion is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and white
with 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not
lines through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving it
less than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % for
about. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. and
tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would
constructed of high contrast black lines on a white background
be viewed by the two eyes through a single protector as worn
(thewhiteseparationsbeingequaltotheblacklines,bothbeing
shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at
approximately ⁄4 in. wide).The target should be at least 6 to 8
the design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an
ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to
ophthalmic professional.
24in.fromtheeye.Anyripplesinthelensdetectedbythistest
6.1.7 Ultraviolet Transmittance—UVB(290–315nm),clear
method should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.
protectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum.
8.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical defects and
UVA(315–380nm),clearprotectors,50%maximum,sunglass
localaberrationsistoscanthecentralviewingzone,especially
types, 0.5 luminous transmittance.
areasofsuspicionarisingfromthevisualtestof8.1.1.Thelens
6.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 8.4, the haze
orshieldshouldbescannedwithaprecisionfocimeteroran8×
in the protector shall not exceed 3 %.
to 10× telescope using the targets and arrangements described
6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of the
in 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this examina-
image during the test for refractive power or prism shall be
tion.Areas outside the central viewing zone or within 6 mm of
further tested in accordance with 8.1.
the edge need not be tested. When the central viewing area is
6.1.10 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone,
scanned, there shall be no sudden jump, doubling, or blurring
striaewarpage,surfaceripples,lenticulations,orabruptoptical
of the image greater than 0.08 diopters change in power.
changesthatarevisibleunderthetestconditionsof8.1andthat
Gradual variations in the central viewing zone shall be within
would impair the function of the lens shall be cause for
the power imbalance tolerances. An optical focimeter with
rejection. Visual impairment is defined by the scanning and
electronic readout repeatable to 0.02 diopters is a satisfactory
focimeter test of 8.1.
alternate method. These scanning procedures may be made by
6.1.11 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits, scratches,
scanning across the lens surface not necessarily in the “as
...
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