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ASTM D1807-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids

Standard Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the refractive index and the specific optical dispersion of electrical insulating liquids such as are used in capacitors, transformers, circuit breakers, and oil-filled cables.  
1.2 Two test methods are described, a routine method and a more precise referee method. Both methods are applicable to transparent, light-colored, insulating liquids.  
1.2.1 The routine method is used to determine refractive index and specific optical dispersion as described in these test methods.  
1.2.2 The referee method is used when a test of high accuracy is desired. These methods are described in Test Method D1218. Specific optical dispersion is calculated by dividing the refractive dispersion value determined in Test Method D1218 by the relative density (specific gravity) (see Test Method D1298) of the liquid under test.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2000
ICS
29.040.10 - Insulating oils
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.07 - Physical Test
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1807-00(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000

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ASTM D1807-00 - Standard Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating LiquidsASTM D1807-00 - Standard Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
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ASTM D1807-00 - Standard Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1807 – 00
Standard Test Methods for
Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of
Electrical Insulating Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1807; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 refractive index, n—the ratio of the velocity of light in
air to its velocity in the substance under test.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
3.1.2 relative density (specific gravity), n—the ratio of the
refractive index and the specific optical dispersion of electrical
mass of a given volume of liquid at 15°C (60°F) to mass of an
insulating liquids such as are used in capacitors, transformers,
equal volume of pure water at the same temperature.
circuit breakers, and oil-filled cables.
3.1.3 specific optical dispersion, n—the difference between
1.2 Two test methods are described, a routine method and a
the refractive indexes of light of two different wavelengths,
more precise referee method. Both methods are applicable to
both indexes measured at the same temperature, and divided by
transparent, light-colored, insulating liquids.
the relative density (specific gravity), also measured at the test
1.2.1 The routine method is used to determine refractive
temperature.
index and specific optical dispersion as described in these test
methods.
4. Significance and Use
1.2.2 The referee method is used when a test of high
4.1 Refractive Index—The refractive index of an insulating
accuracy is desired. These methods are described in Test
liquid varies with its composition and with the nature and
Method D 1218. Specific optical dispersion is calculated by
amount of contaminants held in solution. Changes of refractive
dividing the refractive dispersion value determined in Test
index with time and service may form a basis for estimating
Method D 1218 by the relative density (specific gravity) (see
any change in composition or the degree of containment
Practice D 1298) of the liquid under test.
acquired in service. For electrical insulating mineral oils, the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
˚
wavelength of 5893 A for the spectral line of sodium is
standard.
commonly used. The test temperature is 25°C.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Specific Optical Dispersion—Specific optical dispersion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
serves as a quick index to the amount of unsaturated com-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pounds present in an oil. Dispersion values for paraffinic and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
naphthenic compounds are nearly the same and are essentially
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
independent of molecular weight and structural differences.
2. Referenced Documents Values above 97 bear a direct relationship to the amount of
aromaticcompoundspresentininsulatingoil.Forconvenience,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the specific dispersion value is multiplied by 10 . For electri-
D 1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
cal insulating mineral oils, the wavelengths of 6563 and 4861
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
˚
A corresponding to the spectral lines of hydrogen are com-
D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific
monly used. Alternatively, the wavelengths of 6678 and 5016
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
˚
A corresponding to the spectral lines of helium may be used.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
5. Apparatus
3. Terminology
5.1 Refractometer—The refractometer to be used in the
3.1 Definitions:
routine method shall have an index range of approximately
1.33 to 1.5 and be readable to 60.0002 units. The refractome-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-27 on
ter used in the referee method is described in Test Method
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and are the direct responsibility of
D 1218.
Subcommittee D27.07on Physical Tests.
Current edition approved April 10, 2000. Published June 2000. Originally
published as D 1807 – 60. Last previous edition D 1807 – 94.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1807
5.2 Light Source—Asuitable incandescent illuminator shall 7. Procedure for Referee Method
be used as a light source for determinations made by the
7.1 Determine the refractive index and refractive dispersion
routine method; suitable light sources for the referee method
in accordance with Test Method D
...

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1.5 For ease of use, this document has been indexed as follows:    
Section Title  
Section/Paragraph  
Mandatory Conditions and General Information  
Section 5  
Description of Sampling Devices and Containers  
Section 6, Annex A1, Appendix X2  
Most Frequently Used Sampling Techniques for Electrical Apparatus  
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Section 7, Appendix X1, Appendix X2  
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Section 8  
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FIG. 1 Correlation Chart for Determining % CA, % CN, and % CP  
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This specification describes a high fire-point mineral oil based electrical insulating fluid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatuses, such as transformers and switchgear. The material discussed here is miscible with other petroleum based insulating oils, and may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The insulating oils shall be compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in its application. This specification applies only to new insulating material oil as received prior to any processing. Sampled specimens shall undergo appropriate tests, and shall conform correspondingly to specified physical (appearance upon visual examination, color in ASTM units, fire point, flash point, aniline point, interfacial tension, pour point, relative density, and kinematic viscosity), electrical (dielectric breakdown voltage, gassing tendency, and dissipation factor), and chemical (corrosion behavior against sulfur, inorganic chlorides and sulfates content, acid number, water content, oxidation stability, oxidation inhibitor content, and PCB content) property requirements.
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1.1 This specification describes a less flammable mineral electrical insulating liquid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers and switchgear.  
1.2 Less flammable insulating liquid differs from conventional mineral insulating liquid by possessing a fire-point of at least 300 °C. This property is necessary in order to comply with certain application requirements of the National Electrical Code (Article 450-23) or other agencies. The material discussed in this specification is miscible with other petroleum based insulating liquids. Mixing less flammable liquids with lower fire point hydrocarbon insulating liquids (for example, Specification D3487 mineral liquid) may result in fire points of less than 300 °C.  
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1.4 This specification applies only to new electrical insulating liquid as received prior to any processing. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2 The user should contact the manufacturers of the equipment or liquid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.  
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1.2 This specification is intended to define a rerefined mineral insulating liquid that is functionally interchangeable and miscible with existing mineral insulating liquids, is compatible with existing apparatus, and with appropriate field maintenance2 will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristics in its application in electrical equipment. This specification applies only to rerefined mineral insulating liquid as received prior to any processing. Liquids that undergo treatment in-situ are not covered by this specification.  
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