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ASTM A487/A487M-93(2007)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A 487 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A 487M.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2007
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A487/A487M-93(2003) - Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Replaced By
ASTM A487/A487M-93(2012) - Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012
Referred By
ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM A985/A985M-21 - Standard Specification for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM A217/A217M-22 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM A703/A703M-20a - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007

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ASTM A487/A487M-93(2007) - Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure ServiceASTM A487/A487M-93(2007) - Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A487/A487M – 93 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA487/A487M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
1.1 This specification covers low-alloy steels and marten-
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
sitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or
2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-
Fittings Industry Standards:
containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this speci-
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings-Visual Method
fication varies from readily weldable to weldable only with
adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should
3. General Conditions for Delivery
be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.
3.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and ser-
the requirements of Specification A703/A703M including any
vice conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at
order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of
which the required mechanical properties are obtained.
Specification A703/A703M constitutes nonconformance with
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
of this specification and Specification A703/A703M, this
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
specification shall prevail.
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
4. Ordering Information
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to
following:
Specification A487 and SI units for material ordered to
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
Specification A487M.
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
casting drawing),
2. Referenced Documents
3 4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.3 Grade and class of steel,
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1.4 Options in the specification, and
of Steel Products
4.1.5 Thesupplementaryrequirementsdesiredincludingthe
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
standard of acceptance.
fications of Procedures and Personnel
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Re-
5. Heat Treatment
quirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
5.1 All castings shall receive a heat treatment indicated in
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
Table1.Preliminaryheattreatmentpriortofinalheattreatment
Industry
as well as multiple tempering is permitted.
5.2 Heat treatment shall be performed after the castings
have been allowed to cool below the transformation range.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.3 The furnace temperature for heat treating shall be
A01.18 on Castings.
effectively controlled by use of recording-type pyrometers.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A487/A487M– 93
(2003). DOI: 10.1520/A0487_A0487M-93R07.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
cations SA-487 in Section II of that code. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.asme.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
the ASTM website. hq.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A487/A487M – 93 (2007)
TABLE 1 Heat Treat Requirement
Austenitizing Tempering
Quenching Cool
A
Grade Class Temperature, Media Temperature,
Below °F [°C]
B
min, °F [°C] °F [°C]
1 A 1600 [870] A 450 [230] 1100 [595]
1 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
1 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
2 A 1600 [870] A 450 [230] 1100 [595]
2 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
2 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
4 A 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
4 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
4 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
4 D 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
4 E 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
6 A 1550 [845] A 500 [260] 1100 [595]
6 B 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
7 A 1650 [900] L 600 [315] 1100 [595]
8 A 1750 [955] A 500 [260] 1250 [675]
8 B 1750 [955] L 500 [260] 1250 [675]
8 C 1750 [955] L 500 [260] 1250 [675]
9 A 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
9 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
9 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
9 D 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
9 E 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
10 A 1550 [845] A 500 [260] 1100 [595]
10 B 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
11 A 1650 [900] A 600 [315] 1100 [595]
11 B 1650 [900] L 600 [315] 1100 [595]
12 A 1750 [955] A 600 [315] 1100 [595]
12 B 1750 [955] L 400 [205] 1100 [595]
13 A 1550 [845] A 500 [260] 1100 [595]
13 B 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
14 A 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
C
16 (J31200) A 1600 [870] A 600 [315] 1100 [595]
CA15 A 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 900 [480]
CA15 B 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1100 [595]
DE
CA15 C 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1150 [620]
DE
CA15 D 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1150 [260]
CA15M A 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1100 [595]
CA6NM A 1850 [1010] A or L 200 [95] 1050–1150 [565–620]
E,F
CA6NM B 1850 [1010] A or L 200 [95] 1225–1275 [665–690]
G
1050–1150 [565–620]
A
A = air, L = Liquid.
B
Minimum temperature unless range is specified.
C
Double austenitize.
D
Double temper with the final temper at a lower temperature than the intermediate temper.
E
Air cool to below 200°F [95°C] after first temper.
F
Intermediate.
G
Final.
6. Chemical Composition tance standards specified in the order. Visual Method SP-55 or
othervisualstandardsmaybeusedtodefineacceptablesurface
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
discontinuities and finish. Unacceptable visual surface discon-
chemical composition prescribed in Table 2. Product analysis
tinuities shall be removed and their removal verified by visual
tolerance shall conform to the product analysis tolerance
examination of the resultant cavities.When methods involving
shown in Specification A703/A703M. Product analysis toler-
high temperatures are used in the removal and repair of
ances for stainless grades are not presently applicable pending
discontinuities, the casting shall be preheated to at least the
development of these limits.
minimum temperature in Table 4.
7. Tensile Requirements
8.2 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-
nated to stop leaks.
7.1 Tensile properties of steel used for the castings shall
conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3.
9. Repair By Welding
8. Quality
9.1 For castings, other than those intended for use under
8.1 Thesurfaceofthecastingshallbefreeofadheringsand,
ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, repairs shall be made
scale, cracks, and hot tears as determined by visual examina- using procedures and welders qualified under Practice A488/
tion. Other surface discontinuities shall meet the visual accep-
A488M.
A487/A487M – 93 (2007)
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements (Maximum Percent Unless Range is Given)
Grade 1. 2. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
AB A AB
ABC ABCDE ABC ABCDE AB AB
Manganese Nickel- Nickel-
Class ABC Manganese- Nickel- Chromium- Chromium- Nickel- Nickel-
Nickel- Chromium- Chromium-
Type Vanadium Molyb- Chromium- Molyb- Molyb- Chromium- Chromium-
Chromium- Molybdenum- Molybde-
denum Molybdenum denum denum Molybdenum Molybdenum
A
Molybdenum Vanadium num
Carbon 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.05–0.38 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.33 0.30 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.20
Manganese 1.00 1.00–1.40 1.00 1.30–1.70 0.60–1.00 0.50–0.90 0.60–1.00 0.60 to 1.00 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.70
Phosphorus 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Sulfur 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
Silicon 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60
Nickel . . . . . . 0.40–0.80 0.40–0.80 0.70–1.00 . . . . . . 1.40–2.00 0.70–1.10 0.60–1.00
Chromium . . . . . . 0.40–0.80 0.40–0.80 0.40–0.80 2.00–2.75 0.75–1.10 0.55–0.90 0.50–0.80 0.50–0.90
Molybdenum . . . 0.10–0.30 0.15–0.30 0.30–0.40 0.40–0.60 0.90–1.10 0.15–0.30 0.20–0.40 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.20
Vanadium 0.04–0.12 . . . . . . . . . 0.03–0.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boron . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.002–0.006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residual Elements:
Copper
...


This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A 487/A 487M–93 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: A487/A487M – 93
(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA487/A487M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecification coverslow-alloysteelsandmartensiticstainlesssteelsinthenormalizedandtempered,orquenchedand
tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily
weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by
fusion welding.
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the
grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.
1.3 Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundunitsorSIunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunits
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A487 and SI units for material ordered to Specification
A487M.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
E165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination Testing
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
2.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standards:
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings-Visual Method
3. General Conditions for Delivery
3.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 703A703/A703M/A 703M
includinganysupplementaryrequirementsthatareindicatedinthepurchaseorder.Failuretocomplywiththegeneralrequirements
of SpecificationA703A703/A703M/A703M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
requirements of this specification and Specification A 703A703/A703M/A 703M,, this specification shall prevail.
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA01onSteel,StainlessSteelandRelatedAlloysandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A 487/A 487M – 93 (1998).
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,2007.PublishedNovember2007.Originallyapprovedin1963.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asA487/A487M–93(2003).DOI:
10.1520/A0487_A0487M-93R07.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifications SA-487 in Section II of that code.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 01.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A487/A487M – 93 (2007)
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the following:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting
drawing),
4.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.3 Grade and class of steel,
4.1.4 Options in the specification, and
4.1.5 The supplementary requirements desired including the standard of acceptance.
5. Heat Treatment
5.1 All castings shall receive a heat treatment indicated in Table 1. Preliminary heat treatment prior to final heat treatment as
well as multiple tempering is permitted.
5.2 Heat treatment shall be performed after the castings have been allowed to cool below the transformation range.
5.3 The furnace temperature for heat treating shall be effectively controlled by use of recording-type pyrometers.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 2. Product analysis tolerance
shall conform to the product analysis tolerance shown in SpecificationA703A703/A703M/A703M. Product analysis tolerances
TABLE 1 Heat Treat Requirement
Austenitizing Tempering
Quenching Cool
A
Grade Class Temperature, Media Temperature,
Below °F [°C]
B
min, °F [°C] °F [°C]
1 A 1600 [870] A 450 [230] 1100 [595]
1 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
1 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
2 A 1600 [870] A 450 [230] 1100 [595]
2 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
2 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
4 A 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
4 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
4 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
4 D 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
4 E 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
6 A 1550 [845] A 500 [260] 1100 [595]
6 B 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
7 A 1650 [900] L 600 [315] 1100 [595]
8 A 1750 [955] A 500 [260] 1250 [675]
8 B 1750 [955] L 500 [260] 1250 [675]
8 C 1750 [955] L 500 [260] 1250 [675]
9 A 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
9 B 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
9 C 1600 [870] A or L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
9 D 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1150 [620]
9 E 1600 [870] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
10 A 1550 [845] A 500 [260] 1100 [595]
10 B 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
11 A 1650 [900] A 600 [315] 1100 [595]
11 B 1650 [900] L 600 [315] 1100 [595]
12 A 1750 [955] A 600 [315] 1100 [595]
12 B 1750 [955] L 400 [205] 1100 [595]
13 A 1550 [845] A 500 [260] 1100 [595]
13 B 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
14 A 1550 [845] L 500 [260] 1100 [595]
C
16 (J31200) A 1600 [870] A 600 [315] 1100 [595]
CA15 A 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 900 [480]
CA15 B 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1100 [595]
DE
CA15 C 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1150 [620]
DE
CA15 D 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1150 [260]
CA15M A 1750 [955] A or L 400 [205] 1100 [595]
CA6NM A 1850 [1010] A or L 200 [95] 1050–1150 [565–620]
E,F
CA6NM B 1850 [1010] A or L 200 [95] 1225–1275 [665–690]
G
1050–1150 [565–620]
A
A = air, L = Liquid.
B
Minimum temperature unless range is specified.
C
Double austenitize.
D
Double temper with the final temper at a lower temperature than the intermediate temper.
E
Air cool to below 200°F [95°C] after first temper.
F
Intermediate.
G
Final.
A487/A487M – 93 (2007)
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements (Maximum Percent Unless Range is Given)
Grade 1. 2. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
AB A AB
ABC ABCDE ABC ABCDE AB AB
Manganese Nickel- Nickel-
Class ABC Manganese- Nickel- Chromium- Chromium- Nickel- Nickel-
Nickel- Chromium- Chromium-
Type Vanadium Molyb- Chromium- Molyb- Molyb- Chromium- Chromium-
Chromium- Molybdenum- Molybde-
denum Molybdenum denum denum Molybdenum Molybdenum
A
Molybdenum Vanadium num
Carbon 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.05–0.38 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.33 0.30 0.05–0.20 0.05–0.20
Manganese 1.00 1.00–1.40 1.00 1.30–1.70 0.60–1.00 0.50–0.90 0.60–1.00 0.60 to 1.00 0.50–0.80 0.40–0.70
Phosphorus 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Sulfur 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
Silicon 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60
Nickel . . . . . . 0.40–0.80 0.40–0.80 0.70–1.00 . . . . . . 1.40–2.00 0.70–1.10 0.60–1.00
Chromium . . . . . . 0.40–0.80 0.40–0.80 0.40–0.80 2.00–2.75 0.75–1.10 0.55–0.90 0.50–0.80 0.50–0.90
Molybdenum . . . 0.10–0.30 0.15–0.30 0.30–0.40 0.40–0.60 0.90–1.10 0.15–0.30 0.20–0.40 0.45–0.65 0.90–1.20
Vanadium 0.04–0.12 . . . . . . . . . 0.03–0.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boron . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.002–0.006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residual Elements:
Copper 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Nickel 0.50 0.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.50 . . . . . . . . .
Chromium 0.35 0.35 . . . . . . . .
Mo + W 0.25 . . . . . . . . .
Tungsten . . . 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Vanadium . . . 0.03 0.03 0.03 . . . 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Total content of 1.00 1.00 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.00 0.60 0.50 0.50
residual
elements
Grade 13. 14. 16 CA15 CA15M CA6NM
A
AB
AB A Low Carbon ABCD A
Martensitic
Class Type Nickel- Nickel- Manganese- Martensitic Martensitic
Chromium
Molybdenum Molybdenum Nickel Chromium Chromium
Nickel
(J31200)
B
Carbon 0.30 0.55 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.06
B
Manganese 0.80–1.10 0.80–1.10 2.10 1.00 1.00 1.00
Phosphorus 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.040 0.040 0.04
Sulfur 0.045 0.045 0.02 0.040 0.040 0.03
Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.50 1.50 0.65 1.00
Nickel 1.40–1.75 1.40–1.75 1.00–1.40 1.00 1.0 3.5–4.5
C
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ASTM
ASTM A351/A351M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).  
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.  
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.  
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A903/A903M-99(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Inspection

ABSTRACT
This specification covers steel castings, surface acceptance standards, magnetic particle and liquid penetrant inspection. Liquid penetrant inspection or magnetic particle inspection shall be used for nondestructive inspection. Personnel performing examination shall be qualified in accordance with an acceptable written procedure as agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. All relevant indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance criteria. Individual relevant linear and nonlinear indications exceeding the specified acceptance levels shall be considered unacceptable.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers acceptance criteria for the surface inspection of steel castings when nondestructively examined by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection.  
1.2 This specification is to be used wherever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the acceptance standards for magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection shall be in accordance with Specification A903/A903M.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A609/A609M-12(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heat-treated carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel castings by the longitudinal-beam technique. Calibration shall be executed by either flat-bottomed hole or back-wall reflection. The instrument to be used for examination shall be the ultrasonic, pulsed, reflection type. Personnel and equipment qualifications, materials preparation, casting and test conditions, data recording methods, and the acceptance standards for both types of testing procedure are all detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the standards and procedures for the pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heat-treated carbon, low-alloy, and martensitic stainless steel castings.  
1.2 This practice is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that castings are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A609/A609M.  
1.3 This practice contains two procedures. Procedure A is the original A609/A609M practice and requires calibration using a series of test blocks containing flat-bottomed holes. It also provides supplementary requirements for angle beam testing. Procedure B requires calibration using a back wall reflection from a series of solid calibration blocks.  
Note 1: Ultrasonic examination and radiography are not directly comparable. This examination technique is intended to complement Guide E94/E94M in the detection of discontinuities.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.5.2 This practice is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A747/A747M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel-copper corrosion resistance steel castings capable of being strengthened by precipitation hardening heat treatment. The steel shall be made by electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. The steel materials shall also undergo homogenization heat treatment, solution annealing heat treatment, precipitation hardening and shall conform to the required values of temperature and time and cooling treatment. The materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, copper, columbium, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel-copper corrosion-resistant steel castings, capable of being strengthened by precipitation hardening heat treatment.  
1.2 These castings may be used in services requiring corrosion resistance and high strengths at temperatures up to 600 °F [315 °C]. They may be machined in the solution heat-treated condition and subsequently precipitation hardened to the desired high-strength mechanical properties specified in Table S51.1 with little danger of cracking or distortion.  
1.3 The material is not intended for use in the solution heat-treated condition.  
Note 1: If the service environment in which the material is to be used is considered conducive to stress-corrosion cracking, precipitation hardening should be performed at a temperature that will minimize the susceptibility of the material to this type of attack.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A757/A757M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other Applications, for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process or other primary processes. Heat and product analyses shall be performed on the material and the chemical composition shall conform to the prescribed values for carbon, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, also for residual elements like vanadium, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Tensile test shall be made and the mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Charpy V-notch testing shall be done to determine the impact properties on each heat by specimen type like coupons representing the weld deposits and coupons representing the heat-affected zone. Impact properties shall also be determined on both the heat-affected zone of the base metal and the weld metal of the welding procedure qualification test. After machining, each pressure-containing casting shall undergo hydrostatic pressure testing and shall not leak.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon and alloy steel castings for pressure-containing and other applications intended primarily for petroleum and gas pipelines in areas subject to low-ambient temperatures. Castings shall be heat treated by normalizing and tempering or liquid quenching and tempering. All classes are weldable under proper conditions. Hardenability of some grades may limit usable section size.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Unless the order specifies an “M” designation, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A217/A217M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel and alloys steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade WC1, Grade WC4, Grade WC5, Grade WC6, Grade WC9, Grade WC11, Grade C5, Grade C12, Grade C12A, and Grade CA15. Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and tempering for Grade C12A and tempering for all other grades. Heat treatments shall be performed after castings have been allowed to cool. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, vanadium, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, columbium, nitrogen, aluminum, copper, titanium, tungsten, and zirconium. The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks and hot tears. Steels shall undergo tension test, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers martensitic stainless steel and alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1) intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service (Note 2).  
1.2 One grade of martensitic stainless steel and nine grades of ferritic alloy steel are covered. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and the high-temperature and corrosion-resistant characteristics (Note 3).
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M. Low alloy quench-and-tempered grades equivalent to Specification A217/A217M grades may be found in both Specifications A352/A352M and A487/A487M.
Note 2: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature and corrosion-resistant service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 3: The committee formulating this specification has included nine grades of materials that are considered to represent basic types of ferritic alloy steels suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels that may better fulfill certain types of service will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A744/A744M-21a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for iron-chromium-nickel alloy, stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications. Alloys shall be melted by the electric furnace process with or without refining such as argon-oxygen-decarburization. Castings shall be heat treated and shall conform to the required heat treatment conditions. The materials shall conform with the prescribed chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, columbium, copper, selenium, tungsten, vanadium, iron, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel alloy stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications.  
1.2 This specification requires post-weld heat treatment of all weld repairs affecting surfaces intended to be wetted by the corrosive medium. For applications for which post-weld heat treatment is not considered mandatory for retention of acceptable corrosion resistance, refer to Specification A743/A743M.  
Note 1: For general corrosion-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A743/A743M. For general heat-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A297/A297M. For nickel-base alloy castings, refer to Specification A494/A494M.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3.2 Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A744 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A744M.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A297/A297M-21a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings of general purpose grades (Grades HF, HH, HI, HK, HE, HT, HU, HW, HX, HC, HD, HL, HN, and HN) applicable in heat-resistant services. Alloys shall be produced through electric arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes. Heat-treatment shall be conducted when agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The material shall conform to carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. Tensile requirements including tensile strength, yield point, and elongation shall apply when specified in the purchase order. Guidelines for repair by welding are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for special production application.  
Note 1: For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specifications A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and A447/A447M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A216/A216M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding. Covered here are three grades of carbon steel (Grades WCA, WCB, and WCC), the selection of which shall depend on the design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and the high temperature characteristics. Castings shall be heat treated and furnished, as appropriate to their design and chemical composition, in the annealed, or normalized, or normalized and tempered conditions after they have been allowed to cool below the transformation range. Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be effectively controlled by pyrometer. Steel castings shall adhere to chemical composition and tensile property requirements, which include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. The surface of castings shall be free of adhering elements such as sand, cracks, hot tears, and other discontinuities, and as such be repair welded when judged appropriate.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding.  
1.2 Three grades, WCA, WCB, and WCC, are covered in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and the high-temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A356/A356M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines

ABSTRACT
This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylindrical (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-furnace process. Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades shall be by manganese and silicon. The castings shall be heat treated in either the normalized, tempered, or stress-relieved conditions. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be determined by subjecting the specimens to a tension test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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