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ASTM E154-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover

Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods  cover the determination of the properties of flexible membranes to be used as vapor retarders in contact with earth under concrete slabs, against walls, or as ground cover in crawl spaces. The test methods are applicable primarily to plastic films, and other flexible sheets. The materials are not intended to be subjected to sustained hydrostatic pressure. The procedures simulate conditions to which vapor retarders may be subjected prior to and during installation, and in service.
1.2 The test methods included are:  Section Water-Vapor Transmission of Material as Received 7 Water-Vapor Transmission after Wetting and Drying and after Long-Time Soaking 8 Tensile Strength 9 Resistance to Puncture 10 Resistance to Plastic Flow and Elevated Temperature 11 Effect of Low Temperatures on Flexibility 12 Resistance to Deterioration from Organisms and Substances in Contacting Soil 13 Resistance to Deterioration from Petroleum Vehicles for Soil Poisons 14 Resistance to Deterioration from Exposure to Ultraviolet Light 15 Resistance to Flame Spread 16 Report 17
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units shall be considered standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-1999
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.21 - Serviceability
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E154-99(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover
Effective Date
01-Dec-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1916-21 - Standard Specification for Flexible Protective Jackets Made of Modified Asphalt/Butyl Rubber for Use over Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Feb-1999

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ASTM E154-99 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground CoverASTM E154-99 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover
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ASTM E154-99 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E154–99
Standard Test Methods for
Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under
1
Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
3
2 als
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
C755 PracticeforSelectionofVaporRetardersforThermal
properties of flexible membranes to be used as vapor retarders
3
Insulation
in contact with earth under concrete slabs, against walls, or as
D828 Test Method for Tensile Breaking Strength of Paper
ground cover in crawl spaces. The test methods are applicable
and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-ElongationAppa-
primarily to plastic films, and other flexible sheets. The
4
ratus
materials are not intended to be subjected to sustained hydro-
D1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
static pressure. The procedures simulate conditions to which
5
by the Falling Dart Method
vapor retarders may be subjected prior to and during installa-
D1985 Practice for Preparing Concrete Blocks for Testing
tion, and in service.
6
Sealants, for Joints and Cracks
1.2 The test methods included are:
D2565 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc-Type Light-
Section
ExposureApparatusWithandWithoutWaterforExposure
Water-Vapor Transmission of Material as Received 7
7
Water-Vapor Transmission after Wetting and Drying and after Long-
of Plastics
Time Soaking 8
D4397 Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Con-
Tensile Strength 9
8
struction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications
Resistance to Puncture 10
Resistance to Plastic Flow and Elevated Temperature 11
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Effect of Low Temperatures on Flexibility 12
9
Building Materials
Resistance to Deterioration from Organisms and Substances in Con-
tacting Soil 13 E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
3
Resistance to Deterioration from Petroleum Vehicles for Soil Poisons 14
rials
Resistance to Deterioration from Exposure to Ultraviolet Light 15
E241 Practices for Increasing Durability of Building Con-
Resistance to Flame Spread 16
10
Report 17 structions Against Water-Induced Damage
E437 Specification for Industrial Wire Cloth and Screens
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units shall be
11
(Square Opening Series)
considered standard. The values in parentheses are for infor-
10
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
mation only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in these test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
methods, see Terminologies C168 and E631.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 water–vapor transmission (WVT), n—the steady wa-
ter vapor flow in unit time through unit area of a flat material
2. Referenced Documents
or a construction normal to specific parallel surfaces induced
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1 3
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
4
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
5
on Serviceability. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
6
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
e1 7
published as E154–59. Last previous edition E154–88(1993) . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
2 8
Some of these test methods were based originally on Report No. 2040, U.S. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
9
Forest Products Laboratory, and “Vapor Barrier Materials for Use with Slab-On- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
10
Ground Construction and as Ground Covers in Crawl Spaces,” Publication Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
11
445-1956, Building Research Advisory Board (currently out-of-print). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E154
by specific temperatures, pressures, and humidities at each 6. Test Specimen
surface. Units in SI are kilogram p
...

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1.1 This specification is intended to apply to Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Systems that will act as permanent formwork for cast-in-place reinforced concrete beams; lintels; exterior and interior, above and below grade bearing and non-bearing walls; foundations; and retaining walls. The specification is restricted to ICF Systems with a resultant uniform monolithic concrete core.  
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1.3 This specification identifies test methods appropriate for establishing ICF System performance in their primary function as a stay in place concrete forming system. The use of ICF Systems covered by this specification shall be regulated by building codes that address fire performance, structural performance or both. The fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents. The structural performance must be addressed through design of concrete structures in accordance with the appropriate Code requirements.  
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ASTM E154/E154M-08a(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In service, vapor retarders may be exposed to a variety of conditions, so no one test will provide evaluations related to performance for all exposures (refer to Guide E241 and Practice C755). Neither will all test methods listed be necessary in all evaluations for specific exposures (see 16.2).  
4.2 Limitations—Prior to use and in service, vapor retarders may be exposed to a variety of conditions so no one test will provide evaluations related to performance for all exposures (refer to Guide E241 and Practice C755). Neither will all tests be necessary in all evaluations for specific exposures. Consequently, the tests and required test results shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier (see 16.2).
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1.1 These test methods2 cover the determination of the properties of flexible membranes to be used as vapor retarders in contact with earth under concrete slabs, against walls, or as ground cover in crawl spaces. The test methods are applicable primarily to plastic films and other flexible sheets. The materials are not intended to be subjected to sustained hydrostatic pressure. The procedures simulate conditions to which vapor retarders may be subjected prior to and during installation, and in service.  
1.2 The test methods included are:    
Section  
Water-Vapor Transmission of Material as Received  
7  
Water-Vapor Transmission after Wetting and Drying and after Long-
Time Soaking  
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Tensile Strength  
9  
Resistance to Puncture  
10  
Resistance to Plastic Flow and Elevated Temperature  
11  
Effect of Low Temperatures on Flexibility  
12  
Resistance to Deterioration from Organisms and Substances in Con-
tacting Soil  
13  
Resistance to Deterioration from Petroleum Vehicles for Soil Poisons  
14  
Resistance to Deterioration from Exposure to Ultraviolet Light  
15  
Resistance to Flame Spread  
16  
Report  
17  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C1293/C1293M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1).5 The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).  
4.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3, 4).  
4.3 If testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.  
4.4 When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C295/C295M.  
4.5 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of aggregates portland cement in concrete with an alkali (alkali metal oxide) content of 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] or in concrete containing pozzolan or slag with an alkali content proportionally reduced from 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] Na2O equivalent by the amount of pozzolan or slag replacing portland cement. This test method assesses the potential for deleterious expansion of concrete caused by alkali-silica reaction, of either coarse or fine aggregates, from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences in concrete alkali content, wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (5).  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4791-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The particle shape of coarse aggregates influences the properties of some construction materials and may affect their placement and consolidation.  
5.2 This test method provides a means for checking compliance with specifications that limit such particles or to determine the relative shape characteristics of coarse aggregates.
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1.2.1 Exception (regarding sieves, per Specification E11)—The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.  
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1.1 This practice covers requirements for a capping system using unbonded caps for testing concrete cylinders molded in accordance with Practice C31/C31M or C192/C192M, or cores obtained in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M. Unbonded neoprene caps of a defined hardness are permitted to be used for testing for a specified maximum number of reuses without qualification testing up to a certain concrete compressive strength level. Above that strength, level neoprene caps will require qualification testing. Qualification testing is required for all elastomeric materials other than neoprene regardless of the concrete strength.  
1.2 Unbonded caps are not to be used for acceptance testing of concrete with compressive strength below 10 MPa [1500 psi ] or above 80 MPa [12 000 psi].  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Passing Ability of Self-Consolidating Concrete by J-Ring

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete. This test method is applicable for laboratory use in comparing the passing ability of different concrete mixtures. It is also applicable in the field as a quality control test.  
5.2 The difference between the slump flow and J-Ring flow is an indication of the passing ability of the concrete. A difference less than 25 mm [1 in.] indicates good passing ability and a difference greater than 50 mm [2 in.] indicates poor passing ability. The orientation of the mold for the J-Ring test and for the slump flow test without the J-Ring shall be the same.  
5.3 This test method is limited to self-consolidating concrete with nominal maximum size of aggregate of up to 25 mm [1 in.].
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) by using the J-Ring in combination with a mold.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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ASTM C617/C617M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the ends of freshly molded concrete cylinders, hardened cylinders, or drilled concrete cores when the end surfaces do not conform with the planeness and perpendicularity requirements of applicable standards. Practice C1231/C1231M describes alternative procedures using unbonded caps or pad caps.
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1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see 4.3.1 and 6.2.4.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C142/C142M-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C873/C873M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cast-in-place cylinder strength relates to the strength of concrete in the structure due to the similarity of curing conditions because the cylinder is cured within the slab. However, due to differences in moisture condition, degree of consolidation, specimen size, and length-diameter ratio, there is not a unique relationship between the strength of cast-in-place cylinders and cores of the same age. When cores can be drilled undamaged and tested in the same moisture condition as the cast-in-place cylinders, the strength of the cylinders can be expected to be on average 10 % higher than the cores at ages up to 91 days for specimens of the same size and length-diameter ratio.4  
4.2 Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. This test method is limited to use in slabs where the depth of concrete is from 125 mm to 300 mm [5 in. to 12 in.].  
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    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off