iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D4095-97(2020)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes

Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) determinations of polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions take 2 to 4 h in accordance with Test Method D2834, not counting preparation time.  
4.2 Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means for determining solids in a matter of minutes.  
4.3 This practice is particularly useful for quality control and in process control for the production of polishes and polish components.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer for determining the nonvolatile matter (total solids) in floor polishes. This practice is also applicable to resin solutions and wax emulsions used in floor polishes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2020
ICS
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D21 - Polishes
Drafting Committee
D21.03 - Chemical and Physical Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D2834-95(2008) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2008
Refers
ASTM D1218-02(2007) - Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Refers
ASTM D1218-02 - Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
Effective Date
10-Jun-2002
Refers
ASTM D2834-95(2002) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
Effective Date
15-May-1995
Refers
ASTM D2834-95 - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
Effective Date
15-May-1995

Buy Standard

ASTM D4095-97(2020) - Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor PolishesASTM D4095-97(2020) - Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D4095-97(2020) - Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
English language
2 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4095 − 97 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter
(Total Solids) in Floor Polishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
4.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) determinations of polishes,
1.1 This practice covers the use of a refractometer for
resin solutions, and wax emulsions take 2 to4hin accordance
determining the nonvolatile matter (total solids) in floor
with Test Method D2834, not counting preparation time.
polishes. This practice is also applicable to resin solutions and
wax emulsions used in floor polishes.
4.2 Curves of solids/refractive index provide a means for
determining solids in a matter of minutes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 This practice is particularly useful for quality control
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- and in process control for the production of polishes and polish
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- components.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 Refractometer—An instrument capable of reading to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
four decimal places.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.2 Water Bath, or other means of controlling the tempera-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ture of the refractometer prisms.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Procedure
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Determine the nonvolatile matter in the polish, resin, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wax emulsion in accordance with Test Method D2834 using a
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
minimum of three and preferably four replicates. Record the
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
arithmetic average.
D2834 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in
6.2 Adjust prism temperature of the refractometer to 25°C
Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor
through the use of a water bath. Temperatures of 20°C and
Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes
30°C are also commonly used for refractive index work. Any
convenient temperature may be used as long as that tempera-
3. Summary of Practice
ture is used consistently.
3.1 Solids (nonvolatile matter) and refractive index are used
6.3 Standardize the refractometer using the procedure in
asthebasisforpreparingcurvesthatallowtheuseofrefractive
Test Method D1218 or according to the refractometer manu-
index as a fast, accurate means for determining solids in floor
facturer’sinstructions.Ineithercase,standardreferenceliquids
polishes, resin solutions, and wax emulsions.
should be used.
6.4 Determinetherefractiveindexoftheprocesswaterused
for preparation of the polish, resin, or wax emulsion according
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
to the procedure in Test Method D1218.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.03 on Chemical and Physical
Testing.
6.5 Determine the refractive index of the same sample of
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally
polish, resin solution, or wax emulsion from 6.1 according to
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4095 – 97 (2014).
the procedure in Test Method D1218. (Take multiple readings
DOI: 10.1520/D4095-97R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or and record the arithmetic average.)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.6 Plotacurveofrefractiveindexversussolidsonstandard
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (20 by 20/in.) graph paper.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4095 − 97 (2020)
6.6.1 Use zero (0 %) solids and the refractive index of the refractive index changes about 0.0002; as the temperature
process water as the origin. increases the refractive index
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D3153-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Recoatability of Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The essential practical usage of water-emulsion floor polishes as renewable coatings to protect and beautify floors depends upon satisfactory recoatability. This test method is useful both in product development and final product testing as a means of evaluating recoatability.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effects of the application of a water-emulsion floor polish over a dried coating of the same polish. The method is designed for laboratory bench panel testing. A method is also provided for large area testing. A rating system is provided to indicate the acceptability of the polish based on recoatability performance.  
Note 1: Recoatability of a water-emulsion floor polish is a general-performance property, and the determination of it is dependent upon the observation of several other properties of the polish under the specific conditions expressed in this test method. This test method for recoatability is not designed for the evaluation of other properties, except as these properties relate to the recoatability of the specific polish being evaluated under the conditions of this test.  
1.2 Gloss as observed herein extends only to freedom from loss of apparent visual gloss upon recoating, in the execution of this test method, and should this loss occur, it indicates a distortion of the property of gloss, by recoating.  
1.3 A degree of recoatability failure may be reflected from a degree of leveling failure. The failure to level should be observed only if it is to be a part of the observation of recoatability.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2048-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Powdering of Floor Polish Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a comparative test method. If this method does not indicate powdering, it is still possible that the product in actual use may powder. Reference polishes should be used for comparison.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a bench procedure for the determination of the degree of powdering of floor polishes under ambient conditions as well as conditions of low relative humidity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3206-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Soil Resistance of Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method measures the ability of a floor polish to resist soiling by a standard soil that approximates dirt carried in from the outside.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of soil resistance of floor polishes on test tile only. A carpet covered roller is used to simulate the action of foot traffic. A synthetic soil is employed in conjunction with the roller.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1793-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Spotting of Emulsion Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the ability of a floor polish to resist spotting by water. This test method may be used to measure the extent of damage by a large amount of water or in a separate method to measure the amount of damage by a small amount of water that has evaporated to dryness. Reference polishes should be used for comparison.
Note 1: The test method may induce slight whitening, color change, noticeable change in appearance, including removal of the film, which is caused by contact with water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of water spotting resistance of water emulsion floor polishes. The test method approximates the actual conditions of water spotting encountered in service.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3052-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Rating Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 When comparing different floor polishes for an actual field performance, it is important that all surfaces used be prepared in the same way. When this procedure is followed, variations in the test surfaces are minimized.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the comparison of the performance of water-emulsion floor polishes on test floors against a reference material. It is applicable to the following types of polishes:  
1.1.1 Wax emulsion polishes,  
1.1.2 Nonbuffable emulsion polishes,  
1.1.3 Detergent-resistant emulsion polishes, household type, and  
1.1.4 Detergent-resistant emulsion polishes, industrial type.  
1.2 Gloss, leveling, discoloration, traffic marking, slip resistance, and removal ease of these types of floor polishes is rated in comparison to a reference material. Where applicable, detergent resistance is also evaluated. This method is not to be considered as a recommended maintenance procedure.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1792-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Long-Term Removability Properties of Emulsion Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to predict removability of floor polish after a treatment period that simulates aging in the field. It allows for uniform mechanical and detergent action leaving the only variable the actual removability of the polish.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative ease of removal of dried films of water-emulsion floor polishes from common flooring substrates under accelerated conditions, which correspond to extended service aging.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1455-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for 60° Specular Gloss of Emulsion Floor Polish

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used to evaluate the difference in gloss of dried films of emulsion floor polishes when the light reflected at a 60° angle is measured. Extremely high- or low-gloss polishes may not be differentiated at a 60° angle. A20° angle measured in accordance with Test Method D523 may give better definition of gloss.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 60° specular gloss of films of emulsion floor polish after application to a substrate.  
Note 1: Specular gloss is one of several related appearance attributes that produce the sensation of glossiness. For this reason, specular gloss measurements may not always correlate well with visual rankings of glossiness.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3209-93(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Freeze/Thaw Resistance of Polymer Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to determine the effect of freezing on floor polishes. It may be used to predict the stability of a floor polish when exposed to freezing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stability of polymer emulsion floor polishes when these are exposed to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Possible degradation of the emulsion is observed and possible reduction of initial gloss is measured.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5678-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Freeze/Thaw Resistance of Wax Emulsion Floor Polish

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to determine the effect of freezing on wax emulsion floor polishes. It may be used to predict the stability of a floor polish in transit or when exposed to freezing, and whether or not the polish is damaged by freezing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stability of wax emulsion floor polishes when these are exposed to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Possible degradation of the emulsion is observed and possible reduction of initial gloss is measured.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4002-81(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is intended to define the properties to be tested, the apparatus to use, and the comparisons of product performance. It is recognized that considerable discretion exists among formulators and marketers of shoe polish on what properties or performance characteristics are best for their products. This practice will be flexible to honor this fact within the confines of the shoe polish definition in 2.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to test and the apparatus to use, in evaluating the performance of buffable shoe polishes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off