ASTM C271/C271M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core Materials
Standard Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize the sandwich core. Most sandwich core structural properties, such as strength and stiffness, are proportional to the density.
This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich core density data for design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.
Factors that influence the density and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, methods of material fabrication, core geometry (nominal cell size), specimen geometry, specimen preparation, methods of weight and dimensional measurement, specimen conditioning, and moisture content during weight and dimensional measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of sandwich construction core materials. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C271/C271M − 11
StandardTest Method for
1
Density of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C271/C271M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
of sandwich construction core materials. Permissible core
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
(such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3. Terminology
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
with the standard.
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
C274 defines terms relating to structural sandwich construc-
brackets.
tions. Terminology D883 defines terms relating to plastics.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms relating to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
statistics.Intheeventofaconflictbetweenterms,Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3878 shall have precedence over the other terminologies.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Symbols:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample
2. Referenced Documents
population for a given property (in percent)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 d —density of a test specimen in inch-pound units
IP
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
3.2.3 d —density of a test specimen in SI units
SI
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials 3.2.4 l—length of a test specimen
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
3.2.5 S —standard deviation statistic of a sample popula-
n–1
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
tion for a given property
Composite Materials
3.2.6 t—thickness of a test specimen
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
3.2.7 x—test result for an individual specimen from the
i
Lot or Process
sample population for a given property
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
3.2.8 x¯—mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample
Packaging
population for a given property
3.2.9 w—width of a test specimen
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
3.2.10 W—mass of a test specimen
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
Sandwich Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
4. Summary of Test Method
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C271/C271M – 05.
DOI: 10.1520/C0271_C0271M-11.
4.1 This test method consists of environmentally condition-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ing a sandwich core specimen, weighing the specimen, mea-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
suring the length, width and thickness of the specimen, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. calculating the density.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C271/C271M − 11
5. Significance and Use 8. Sampling and Test Specimens
8.1 Sampling—Test at least five specimens per test condi-
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
tion unless valid results can be gained through the use of fewer
used in conjunction with other properties to characterize the
specimens, as in the case of a designed experiment. For
sandwich core. Most sandwich core struct
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C271/C271M–05 Designation: C271/C271M – 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C271/C271M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of sandwich construction core materials. Permissible core material
forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding
surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
mustshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology C274
definestermsrelatingtostructuralsandwichconstructions.TerminologyD883definestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE456
and Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have
precedence over the other terminologies.
3.2 Symbols::
CV=coeffıcient—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population for a given property (in percent)
d =density—density of a test specimen in inch-pound units
IP
d =density—density of a test specimen in SI units
SI
l=length—length of a test specimen
S =standard—standard deviation statistic of a sample population for a given property
n–1
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2005.2011. Published April 2005.May 2011. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 19992005as
C271–99.C271/C271M – 05. DOI: 10.1520/C0271_C0271M-0511.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C271/C271M – 11
t=thickness—thickness of a test specimen
x=test—test result for an individual specimen from the sample population for a given property
i
–
x=mean—mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample population for a given property
w=width—width of a test specimen
W=mass—mass of a test specimen
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of environmentally conditioning a sandwich core specimen, weighing the specimen, measuring
the length, width and thickness of the specimen, and ca
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.