ASTM C297/C297M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In a sandwich panel, core-to-facing bond integrity is necessary to maintain facing stability and permit load transfer between the facings and core. This test method can be used to provide information on the strength and quality of core-to-facing bonds. It can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for the core material. While it is primarily used as a quality control test for bonded sandwich panels, it can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for structural design properties, material specifications, and research and development applications.
5.2 Factors that influence the flatwise tensile strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness), core density, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Properties that may be derived from this test method include flatwise tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the flatwise tensile strength of the core, the core-to-facing bond, or the facing of an assembled sandwich panel. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C297/C297M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C297/C297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.1 This test method determines the flatwise tensile strength
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
of the core, the core-to-facing bond, or the facing of an
Resins
assembled sandwich panel. Permissible core material forms
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-
wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding
mer Matrix Composite Materials
surfaces (such as honeycomb).
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Materials
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
Composite Materials
standard.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
brackets.
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Lot or Process
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ASTM Test Methods
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Terminology
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
relating to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms
2. Referenced Documents relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
2 E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have prece-
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core
dence over the other terminologies.
Materials
3.2 Symbols:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
3.2.1 A—cross-sectional area of a test specimen
3.2.2 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on population for a given property (in percent)
Sandwich Construction.
3.2.3 e—edge tolerance between specimen and loading
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C297/C297M – 15).
blocks
DOI: 10.1520/C0297_C0297M-16.
ftu
2
3.2.4 F —ultimate flatwise tensile strength
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
z
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.5 P —maximumforcecarriedbytestspecimenbefore
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on max
the ASTM website. failure
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C297/C297M − 16
3.2.6 S — standard deviation statistic of a sample popula- bending from the test system. Bending may occur as a result of
n-1
tion for a given
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C297/C297M − 15 C297/C297M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C297/C297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the flatwise tensile strength of the core, the core-to-facing bond, or the facing of an assembled
sandwich panel. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams)
as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core Materials
3
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions (Withdrawn 2016)
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (Withdrawn 2015)
3
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases (Withdrawn 2015)
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases (Withdrawn
3
2015)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015April 1, 2016. Published April 2015April 2016. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
C297/C297M – 04C297/C297M – 15(2010).). DOI: 10.1520/C0297_C0297M-15.10.1520/C0297_C0297M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C297/C297M − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites.
Terminologycomposites, as C274 defineswell as terms relating to structural sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define
terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other
terminologies.
3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 A—cross-sectional area of a test specimen
3.2.2 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of
...
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