ASTM D5034-09(2017)

Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The grab test procedure in this test method for the determination of breaking force and elongation is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of most woven or nonwoven textile fabrics, and the modified grab test procedure is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of most woven textile fabrics, since the procedures have been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of disagreement arising from differences in reported test values when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics because of their high stretch.  
5.3 Some modification of technique may be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of 200-N/cm (1140-lb/in.) width. Special precautionary measures are provided for use when necessary for strong fabrics.  
5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabrics either conditioned or wet.  
5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing machines operating on different principles is not recommended. When different types of machine...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the grab and modified grab test procedures for determining the breaking strength and elongation of most textile fabrics. Provisions are made for wet testing.  
1.1.1 The grab test procedure is applicable to woven, nonwoven, and felted fabrics, while the modified grab test procedure is used primarily for woven fabrics.  
1.2 This test method is not recommended for glass fabrics, or for knitted fabrics and other textile fabrics which have high stretch (more than 11 %).  
Note 1: For the determination of the breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics using the raveled strip test procedure and the cut strip test procedure, refer to Test Method D5035.  
1.3 This test method provides the values in both inch-pound units and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining in any way.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2017
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5034 −09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab
Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the grab and modified grab test
procedures for determining the breaking strength and elonga-
2. Referenced Documents
tionofmosttextilefabrics.Provisionsaremadeforwettesting.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.1 The grab test procedure is applicable to woven,
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
nonwoven, and felted fabrics, while the modified grab test
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
procedure is used primarily for woven fabrics.
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
1.2 This test method is not recommended for glass fabrics,
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
or for knitted fabrics and other textile fabrics which have high
Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
stretch (more than 11 %).
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
NOTE 1—For the determination of the breaking force and elongation of D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
textile fabrics using the raveled strip test procedure and the cut strip test
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
procedure, refer to Test Method D5035.
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
1.3 This test method provides the values in both inch-pound
Related Properties of Textiles
units and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
nameforthecustomaryunitsusedintheUnitedStates.SIunits
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
is the technically correct name for the system of metric units Methods
known as the International System of Units. The values stated
in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be
3. Terminology
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
3.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method:
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
breaking force, breaking load, elongation, extension, tensile
must be used independently of the other, without combining in
test, refer to Terminology D4848.
any way.
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
constant-rate-of-extension (CRE tensile testing machine,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
constant-rate-of-load (CRL) tensile testing machine, constant-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machine, refer to Termi-
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
nology D4849.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
grab test – in fabric testing, and modified grab test – in fabric
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
testing refer to Terminology D4850.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.4 For all other textile terms used in this test method, refer
to Terminology D123.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Specific. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Replaces Grab Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Testing sections of Test Method D1682 – 90. Originally approved in 1990. Last the ASTM website.
previous edition approved in 2013 as D5034–09(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D5034- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
09R17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5034−09 (2017)
4. Summary of Test Method in.)width.Specialprecautionarymeasuresareprovidedforuse
when necessary for strong fabrics.
4.1 A100-mm (4.0-in.) wide specimen is mounted centrally
5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabrics
in clamps of a tensile testing machine and a force applied until
the specimen breaks. Values for the breaking force and the either conditioned or wet.
elongation of the test specimen are obtained from machine
5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing machines
scales, dials, autographic recording charts, or a computer
operating on different principles is not recommended. When
interfaced with the testing machine.
different types of machines are used for comparison testing,
4.2 This test method describes procedures for carrying out constant-time-to-break at 20 6 3 s is the established way of
producing data. Even then the data may differ significantly.
fabric grab tensile tests using two types of specimens and three
alternative types of testing machines. For reporting, use the
5.6 Although a constant-rate-of-extension is preferred in
following identification system of specific specimen and ma-
these procedures, in cases of dispute, unless there is agreement
chine combinations.
to the contrary between the purchaser and the supplier, a
4.2.1 Type of specimen:
constant-time-to-break (20 6 3 s) is to be used.
4.2.1.1 G—Grab
5.7 The grab test procedure is applicable to the determina-
4.2.1.2 MG—Modified grab
tion of the effective strength of the fabric; that is, the strength
4.2.2 Type of tensile testing machine:
of the yarns in a specific width together with the fabric
4.2.2.1 E—Constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
assistance from the adjacent yarns. The breaking force deter-
4.2.2.2 L—Constant-rate-of-load (CRL)
mined by the grab procedure is not a reflection of the strength
4.2.2.3 T—Constant-rate-of -traverse (CRT)
of the yarns actually gripped between clamps and cannot be
4.2.3 Possible combinations can be identified as follows:
used for direct comparison with yarn strength determinations.
Type of Tester
Grabtestspecimensrequiremuchlesstimetopreparealthough
Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate-
they require more fabric per specimen. There is no simple
Test Specimen of-Extension of-Load of-Traverse
relationship between grab tests and strip tests since the amount
Grab G-E G-L G-T
Modified Grab MG-E MG-L MG-T
of fabric assistance depends on the type of fabric and construc-
For example, Test Method D5034, G-E refers to a grab test carried out on a
tion variables.
constant rate-of-extension tensile testing machine.
5.8 The modified grab test procedure is applicable to the
5. Significance and Use
determination of the breaking force of fabrics with construc-
tions in which the application of tensile stress on raveled strip
5.1 The grab test procedure in this test method for the
specimens produces further unraveling. This test method is
determination of breaking force and elongation is considered
particularly applicable to high-strength fabrics.
satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of
mostwovenornonwoventextilefabrics,andthemodifiedgrab
test procedure is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing
of commercial shipments of most woven textile fabrics, since
the procedures have been used extensively in the trade for
acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of disagreement arising from differences in
reported test values when using this test method for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
Metric Equivalents
to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the two
in. 1 2
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
mm 25 50
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its
FIG. 1 Schematic Illustration of Jaw Faces for Modified Grab
cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the Test
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the
known bias.
6. Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials
5.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRTtype
because of their high stretch.
conforming to Specification D76, with respect to force
5.3 Some modification of technique may be necessary for indication, working range, capacity, and elongation indicator,
any fabric having a strength in excess of 200-N/cm (1140-lb/ and designed for operation at a speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12
D5034−09 (2017)
6 0.5 in./min); or, a variable speed drive, change gears, or 7.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece of fabric
interchangeable weights as required to obtain the 20 6 3-s taken from the lot sample, cut at least one laboratory sample
time-to-break (see 5.5 and 5.6). the full width of the fabric and1m(1yd) along the selvage
(machine direction).
6.2 Clamps and Jaw Faces—Each jaw face shall be smooth,
flat,andwithametallic,orotheragreedupon,grippingsurface. NOTE 4—Results obtained on small hand samples (swatches) can only
be considered as representative of the sample swatch and cannot be
The faces shall be parallel and have matching centers with
assumed to be representative of the fabric piece from which the hand
respect to one another in the same clamp and to the corre-
sample (swatch) was taken.
sponding jaw face of the other clamp.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sample, take five
6.2.1 For grab tests, each clamp shall have a front (or top)
specimens from the warp (machine) direction and eight speci-
jaw face measuring 25 6 1 mm (1.0 6 0.02 in.) perpendicular
mens from the filling (cross) direction (if tested) for each
tothedirectionoftheapplicationoftheforce,andnotlessthan
testing condition.
25 nor more than 50 mm (1.0 nor more than 2.0 in.) parallel to
7.3.1 Testing conditions include the following:
the direction of the application of the force (Note 2).The back,
7.3.1.1 Warp or Machine Direction—Standard conditions
or bottom, jaw face of each clamp shall be at least as large as
for testing textiles.
its mate. Use of a larger face for the second jaw reduces the
7.3.1.2 Warp or Machine Direction—Wet at 21°C (70°F).
problem of front and back jaw face misalignment.
7.3.1.3 Filling or Cross Direction—Standard conditions for
NOTE 2—Front (or top) faces measuring 25 by 50 mm (1.0 by 2.0 in.)
testing textiles.
will not necessarily give the same value as 25 by 25-mm (1.0 by 1.0-in.)
7.3.1.4 Filling or Cross Direction—Wet at 21°C (70°F).
faces. For many materials, the former are preferable because of the larger
7.3.2 When using the constant-time-to-break technique and
gripping area which tends to reduce slippage.While both sizes of gripping
surface are permitted, the face sizes used must be the same for all samples unfamiliar fabrics, prepare two or three extra specimens to
in the test and must be recorded in the report.
establish the proper rate of loading (or speed for testing).
6.2.2 For modified grab tests, the top (or front) jaw faces
8. Conditioning
shall measure 25 by 50 mm (1.0 by 2.0 in.) or more, with the
longer dimension parallel to the direction of load application. 8.1 For Conditioned Testing:
The bottom (or back) jaw faces shall measure 50 by 50 mm 8.1.1 If the samples have a higher moisture content than the
(2.0 by 2.0 in.) or more. (See Fig. 1.) moisture present when at equilibrium in the standard atmo-
sphere for testing textiles, precondition as directed in Practice
6.3 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, 170 g (6 oz) with at least
D1776.
100-mm (4.0-in.) width anvils.
8.1.2 Bring samples to moisture equilibrium in the standard
6.4 Distilled Water, for wet testing.
atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D1776.
Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when the
6.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent, for wet testing.
increaseinmassofthespecimeninsuccessiveweighingsmade
6.6 Container, for wetting out specimens.
at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the
6.7 Standard Fabrics , for use in verification of apparatus.
mass of the specimen.
(See Annex A1.)
NOTE 5—It is recognized that in practice, materials are frequently not
6.8 Pins, stainless-steel, 10-mm ( ⁄8-in.) diameter by 125 weighedtodeterminewhenmoistureequilibriumhasbeenreached.While
conditioningforafixedtimecannotbeacceptedincasesofdispute,itmay
mm (5 in.) long. Two are required if used.
be sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standard
atmosphere for testing textiles for a reasonable period of time before the
7. Sampling
specimens are tested. As a guide the following conditioning periods are
suggested:
7.1 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in the
Minimum Condi-
applicable material specification. In the absence of such a
Fiber tioning Period, h
specification, randomly take rolls or pieces that constitute the
Animal Fibers (for example, wool, and regenerated proteins) 8
lot sample using the following schedule:
Vegetable Fibers (for example, cotton) 6
Viscose 8
Number of Rolls, Pieces in Lot, Number of Rolls or Pieces in Lot
Acetate 4
Inclusive Sample
Fibers having a regain less than 5 % at 65 % relative 2
1to3 all
humidity
4to24 4
25 to 50 5
8.2 For Wet Testing:
over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls or
8.2.1 Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall be
pieces
immersedinwateratroomtemperatureuntilthoroughlywetted
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
(Note6).Tothoroughlywetaspecimen,itmaybenecessaryto
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
between rolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, 5
These periods
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5034 − 09 (Reapproved 2013) D5034 − 09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab
Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the grab and modified grab test procedures for determining the breaking strength and elongation
of most textile fabrics. Provisions are made for wet testing.
1.1.1 The grab test procedure is applicable to woven, nonwoven, and felted fabrics, while the modified grab test procedure is
used primarily for woven fabrics.
1.2 This test method is not recommended for glass fabrics, or for knitted fabrics and other textile fabrics which have high stretch
(more than 11 %).
NOTE 1—For the determination of the breaking force and elongation of textile fabrics using the raveled strip test procedure and the cut strip test
procedure, refer to Test Method D5035.
1.3 This test method provides the values in both inch-pound units and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name
for the customary units used in the United States. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known
as the International System of Units. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately
as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently
of the other, without combining in any way.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method: breaking force, breaking load, elongation, extension, tensile test, refer
to Terminology D4848.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013July 15, 2017. Published September 2013August 2017. Replaces Grab Testing sections of Test Method D1682 – 90. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as D5034D5034–09(2013).–09. DOI: 10.1520/D5034-09R13.10.1520/D5034-09R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5034 − 09 (2017)
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: constant-rate-of-extension (CRE tensile testing machine,
constant-rate-of-load (CRL) tensile testing machine, constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machine, refer to Terminology
D4849.
3.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: grab test – in fabric testing, and modified grab test – in fabric testing
refer to Terminology D4850.
3.4 For all other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A 100-mm (4.0-in.) wide specimen is mounted centrally in clamps of a tensile testing machine and a force applied until the
specimen breaks. Values for the breaking force and the elongation of the test specimen are obtained from machine scales, dials,
autographic recording charts, or a computer interfaced with the testing machine.
4.2 This test method describes procedures for carrying out fabric grab tensile tests using two types of specimens and three
alternative types of testing machines. For reporting, use the following identification system of specific specimen and machine
combinations.
4.2.1 Type of specimen:
4.2.1.1 G—Grab
4.2.1.2 MG—Modified grab
4.2.2 Type of tensile testing machine:
4.2.2.1 E—Constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
4.2.2.2 L—Constant-rate-of-load (CRL)
4.2.2.3 T—Constant-rate-of -traverse (CRT)
4.2.3 Possible combinations can be identified as follows:
Type of Tester
Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate- Constant-Rate-
Test Specimen of-Extension of-Load of-Traverse
Grab G-E G-L G-T
Modified Grab MG-E MG-L MG-T
For example, Test Method D5034, G-E refers to a grab test carried out on a
constant rate-of-extension tensile testing machine.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The grab test procedure in this test method for the determination of breaking force and elongation is considered satisfactory
for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of most woven or nonwoven textile fabrics, and the modified grab test procedure
is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of most woven textile fabrics, since the procedures have
been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of disagreement arising from differences in reported test values when using this test method for acceptance testing
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the
type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser
and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
5.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics because of their high stretch.
5.3 Some modification of technique may be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of 200-N/cm (1140-lb/in.)
width. Special precautionary measures are provided for use when necessary for strong fabrics.
5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabrics either conditioned or wet.
5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing machines operating on different principles is not recommended. When different
types of machines are used for comparison testing, constant-time-to-break at 20 6 3 s is the established way of producing data.
Even then the data may differ significantly.
5.6 Although a constant-rate-of-extension is preferred in these procedures, in cases of dispute, unless there is agreement to the
contrary between the purchaser and the supplier, a constant-time-to-break (20 6 3 s) is to be used.
5.7 The grab test procedure is applicable to the determination of the effective strength of the fabric; that is, the strength of the
yarns in a specific width together with the fabric assistance from the adjacent yarns. The breaking force determined by the grab
procedure is not a reflection of the strength of the yarns actually gripped between clamps and cannot be used for direct comparison
D5034 − 09 (2017)
with yarn strength determinations. Grab test specimens require much less time to prepare although they require more fabric per
specimen. There is no simple relationship between grab tests and strip tests since the amount of fabric assistance depends on the
type of fabric and construction variables.
5.8 The modified grab test procedure is applicable to the determination of the breaking force of fabrics with constructions in
which the application of tensile stress on raveled strip specimens produces further unraveling. This test method is particularly
applicable to high-strength fabrics.
Metric Equivalents
in. 1 2
mm 25 50
FIG. 1 Schematic Illustration of Jaw Faces for Modified Grab Test
6. Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRT type conforming to Specification D76, with respect to force indication,
working range, capacity, and elongation indicator, and designed for operation at a speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 6 0.5 in./min);
or, a variable speed drive, change gears, or interchangeable weights as required to obtain the 20 6 3-s time-to-break (see 5.5 and
5.6).
6.2 Clamps and Jaw Faces—Each jaw face shall be smooth, flat, and with a metallic, or other agreed upon, gripping surface.
The faces shall be parallel and have matching centers with respect to one another in the same clamp and to the corresponding jaw
face of the other clamp.
6.2.1 For grab tests, each clamp shall have a front (or top) jaw face measuring 25 6 1 mm (1.0 6 0.02 in.) perpendicular to
the direction of the application of the force, and not less than 25 nor more than 50 mm (1.0 nor more than 2.0 in.) parallel to the
direction of the application of the force (Note 2). The back, or bottom, jaw face of each clamp shall be at least as large as its mate.
Use of a larger face for the second jaw reduces the problem of front and back jaw face misalignment.
NOTE 2—Front (or top) faces measuring 25 by 50 mm (1.0 by 2.0 in.) will not necessarily give the same value as 25 by 25-mm (1.0 by 1.0-in.) faces.
For many materials, the former are preferable because of the larger gripping area which tends to reduce slippage. While both sizes of gripping surface
are permitted, the face sizes used must be the same for all samples in the test and must be recorded in the report.
6.2.2 For modified grab tests, the top (or front) jaw faces shall measure 25 by 50 mm (1.0 by 2.0 in.) or more, with the longer
dimension parallel to the direction of load application. The bottom (or back) jaw faces shall measure 50 by 50 mm (2.0 by 2.0 in.)
or more. (See Fig. 1.)
6.3 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, 170 g (6 oz) with at least 100-mm (4.0-in.) width anvils.
6.4 Distilled Water, for wet testing.
6.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent, for wet testing.
6.6 Container, for wetting out specimens.
6.7 Standard Fabrics , for use in verification of apparatus. (See Annex A1.)
6.8 Pins, stainless-steel, 10-mm ( ⁄8-in.) diameter by 125 mm (5 in.) long. Two are required if used.
Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.
D5034 − 09 (2017)
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—Take a lot sample as directed in the applicable material specification. In the absence of such a specification,
randomly take rolls or pieces that constitute the lot sample using the following schedule:
Number of Rolls, Pieces in Lot, Number of Rolls or Pieces in Lot
Inclusive Sample
1 to 3 all
4 to 24 4
25 to 50 5
over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 rolls or
pieces
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between rolls
of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk,
acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece of fabric taken from the lot sample, cut at least one laboratory sample the full
width of the fabric and 1 m (1 yd) along the selvage (machine direction).
NOTE 4—Results obtained on small hand samples (swatches) can only be considered as representative of the sample swatch and cannot be assumed
to be representative of the fabric piece from which the hand sample (swatch) was taken.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sample, take five specimens from the warp (machine) direction and eight specimens
from the filling (cross) direction (if tested) for each testing condition.
7.3.1 Testing conditions include the following:
7.3.1.1 Warp or Machine Direction—Standard conditions for testing textiles.
7.3.1.2 Warp or Machine Direction—Wet at 21°C (70°F).
7.3.1.3 Filling or Cross Direction—Standard conditions for testing textiles.
7.3.1.4 Filling or Cross Direction—Wet at 21°C (70°F).
7.3.2 When using the constant-time-to-break technique and unfamiliar fabrics, prepare two or three extra specimens to establish
the proper rate of loading (or speed for testing).
8. Conditioning
8.1 For Conditioned Testing:
8.1.1 If the samples have a higher moisture content than the moisture present when at equilibrium in the standard atmosphere
for testing textiles, precondition as directed in Practice D1776.
8.1.2 Bring samples to moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D1776.
Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when the increase in mass of the specimen in successive weighings made at
intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the mass of the specimen.
NOTE 5—It is recognized that in practice, materials are frequently not weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been reached. While
conditioning for a fixed time cannot be accepted in cases of
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