ASTM A833-08a(2014)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
Standard Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The comparative hardness test is an empirical dynamic indentation hardness test. Comparative hardness tests provide useful information about metallic materials. This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, heat treatment condition, or other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materials.
3.2 Comparative hardness testing at a specific location on a part may not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of indentation hardness of metallic materials using comparison hardness testers.
1.2 This practice applies only to those comparison hardness testers, normally portable, that use comparative test bars that have been standardized according to Test Method E10 as a basis for comparison.
1.3 Calibration of comparative test bars (rods), used for comparison to determine hardness numbers, is also covered by this practice.
1.4 The impression force used during comparison hardness testing is normally an impact load applied by striking a hammer on the appropriate areas as outlined in the manufacturer's instructions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A833 − 08a (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison
Hardness Testers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
3.1 The comparative hardness test is an empirical dynamic
1.1 This practice covers the determination of indentation
indentation hardness test. Comparative hardness tests provide
hardness of metallic materials using comparison hardness
useful information about metallic materials. This information
testers.
maycorrelatetotensilestrength,wearresistance,ductility,heat
1.2 This practice applies only to those comparison hardness
treatment condition, or other physical characteristics of metal-
testers, normally portable, that use comparative test bars that
lic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection
have been standardized according to Test Method E10 as a
of materials.
basis for comparison.
3.2 Comparative hardness testing at a specific location on a
1.3 Calibration of comparative test bars (rods), used for
part may not represent the physical characteristics of the whole
comparison to determine hardness numbers, is also covered by
part or end product.
this practice.
4. Apparatus
1.4 The impression force used during comparison hardness
4.1 Comparison hardness testers are used principally for
testing is normally an impact load applied by striking a
testing articles that are too large or unwieldy to be tested in the
hammer on the appropriate areas as outlined in the manufac-
usual types of testing machines, for testing parts of fixed
turer’s instructions.
structures, or for testing under any conditions that require that
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the indenting force be applied in a direction other than vertical.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1.1 Required equipment includes an apparatus that con-
standard.
tains the impression ball and a slot or spacing to insert the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the comparative test bar (rod), the comparative test bar, a structure
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the to apply the impact (anvil), and an impacting tool, normally a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- hammer. This apparatus is designed to allow a ball impression
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- to be produced on the standard rod simultaneously with one
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. produced on the piece to be tested. Comparison of the
impression diameters together with the hardness of the com-
parative bar (rod) is used to determine hardness of the part.
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.2 The structure to convey the impact to the test bar,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
impression ball, and part being tested is designed with the
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
striking surface for the impacting tool centered directly above
of Steel Products
the location of the impression ball.
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
4.1.3 The apparatus may also be designed to include an
extension for stabilization.
4.1.4 The Brinell hardness of the comparison test bar (rod)
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
used should be within 615% of the anticipated Brinell
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
hardness of the part being tested, and of the same general type
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
of material.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
4.1.5 Impression Ball:
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A833 – 08a DOI:
10.1520/A0833-08AR14
4.1.5.1 The diameter of the impression ball shall be 10 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
0.01 mm.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.5.2 The ball shall be made from steel hardened within
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the range of 60 to 67 HRC and shall be capable of being used
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A833 − 08a (2014)
in a reasonable number of tests without incurring damage that test bar at approximately the mid-length of the bar. If the test
could affect the results. Use of a tungsten carbide ball may bar is too soft to permit the use of a 3000 kg load, then a
result in fracture or spalling of the ball. 1500 kg load shall be used. The hardness values obtained shall
4.1.5.3 Theballshallbeinspectedregularlyaccordingtothe not vary from each other by more than 62 %. The ends of the
equipment manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure accu- bar shall be permanently marked with the average hardness
racy. value, as well as the applied load if the 1500 kg load was used
by the manufacturer prior to shipment.
4.2 Measuring Microscope—The divisions of the microm-
eter scale of the microscope, or other measuring devices used
7. Procedure
for measuring the impression diameter, shall be such as to
permit the direct measuring of the diameter to 0.1 mm and the
7.1 Assemble the comparative test bar into the apparatus
estimation of the diameter to 0.05 mm.
making sure a minimum distance of no less than 5 mm will
exist between diameter of the impression to be made and any
5. Test Parts
other indentations on the face. Minimum distance of the
5.1 Partstestedbythishardnesstestingpracticevarygreatly
indentation diameter from the edge of the part tested shall be
in form since it is frequently desirable to make the impression
12.5 mm. If the apparatus is equipped with a presetting bar
upon a part to be used in the finished product rather than upon
stop, ensure the fixture is properly in place. Place the apparatus
a sample test specimen.
on the surface of the component to be tested and ap
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A833 − 08a A833 − 08a (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison
Hardness Testers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of indentation hardness of metallic materials using comparison hardness testers.
1.2 This practice applies only to those comparison hardness testers, normally portable, that use comparative test bars that have
been standardized according to Test Method E10 as a basis for comparison.
1.3 Calibration of comparative test bars (rods), used for comparison to determine hardness numbers, is also covered by this
practice.
1.4 The impression force used during comparison hardness testing is normally an impact load applied by striking a hammer on
the appropriate areas as outlined in the manufacturer’s instructions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The comparative hardness test is an empirical dynamic indentation hardness test. Comparative hardness tests provide useful
information about metallic materials. This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, heat treatment
condition, or other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materials.
3.2 Comparative hardness testing at a specific location on a part may not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part
or end product.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Comparison hardness testers are used principally for testing articles that are too large or unwieldy to be tested in the usual
types of testing machines, for testing parts of fixed structures, or for testing under any conditions that require that the indenting
force be applied in a direction other than vertical.
4.1.1 Required equipment includes an apparatus that contains the impression ball and a slot or spacing to insert the comparative
test bar (rod), the comparative test bar, a structure to apply the impact (anvil), and an impacting tool, normally a hammer. This
apparatus is designed to allow a ball impression to be produced on the standard rod simultaneously with one produced on the piece
to be tested. Comparison of the impression diameters together with the hardness of the comparative bar (rod) is used to determine
hardness of the part.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06 on
Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008Oct. 1, 2014. Published December 2008October 2014. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
A833 – 08.A833 – 08a DOI: 10.1520/A0833-08A.10.1520/A0833-08AR14
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A833 − 08a (2014)
4.1.2 The structure to convey the impact to the test bar, impression ball, and part being tested is designed with the striking
surface for the impacting tool centered directly above the location of the impression ball.
4.1.3 The apparatus may also be designed to include an extension for stabilization.
4.1.4 The Brinell hardness of the comparison test bar (rod) used should be within 615% of the anticipated Brinell hardness of
the part being tested, and of the same general type of material.
4.1.5 Impression Ball:
4.1.5.1 The diameter of the impression ball shall be 10 6 0.01 mm.
4.1.5.2 The ball shall be made from steel hardened within the range of 60 to 67 HRC and shall be capable of being used in a
reasonable number of tests without incurring damage that could affect the results. Use of a tungsten carbide ball may result in
fracture or spalling of the ball.
4.1.5.3 The ball shall be inspected regularly according to the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure accuracy.
4.2 Measuring Microscope—The divisions of the micrometer scale of the microscope, or other measuring devices used for
measuring the impression diameter, shall be such as to permit the direct measuring of the diameter to 0.1 mm and the estimation
of the diameter to 0.05 mm.
5. Test Parts
5.1 Parts tested by this hardness testing practice vary greatly in form since it is frequently desirable to make the impression upon
a part to be used in the finished product rather than upon a sample test specimen.
5.1.1 Dimensions—The thickness of the tested part shall be such that no bulge or other marking showing the effect of the load
appears on the side of the piece opposite the impression. In any event, the thickness of the part shall be at least ten times the depth
of the indentation. The minimum width shall be at least two and one half times the diameter of the indentation.
5.1.2 Finish—When necessary, the surface on which the impression is to be made shall be filed, ground, machined, or polished
with abrasive material so that the edge of the impression shall be defined clearly enough to permit the measurement of the diameter
to the specified accuracy. Take care to avoid overheating or cold working the surface. Sufficient metal shall be removed to eliminate
decarburized metal.
5.2 Support—All parts to be tested shall be adequately supported to prevent any movement or deflection during application of
the impact load.
6. Verification of Apparatus and Calibration of Test Bars
6.1 Verification of Apparatus—The hardness-testing apparatus (including test bars) shall be verified by performi
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