ASTM F2550-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Locating Leaks in Sewer Pipes By Measuring the Variation of Electric Current Flow Through the Pipe Wall
Standard Practice for Locating Leaks in Sewer Pipes By Measuring the Variation of Electric Current Flow Through the Pipe Wall
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The testing of sewers for leaks is a regular practice necessary for the maintenance and optimal performance of sewer collection systems so remedial action can be prioritized, designed, and carried out to reduce infiltration and exfiltration.
3.2 This practice serves as a means to detect and locate all types of pipe defects that are potential sources of water leaks either into or out of electrically non-conducting pipes. Leaking joints and defective service connections are detected that often may not show as a defect when viewed from inside the pipe. The scan data may be processed and analyzed to provide some information on the size and type of pipe defect. (8.4.1)
3.3 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers fabricated from electrically non-conducting material with diameters between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes must be free of obstructions that prevent the probe passing through the pipe.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring the variation of electric current flow to detect and locate potential pipe leaks in pipes fabricated from electrically nonconductive materials such as brick, clay, concrete, and plastic pipes (that is, reinforced and non-reinforced). The method uses the variation of electric current flow through the pipe wall to locate defects that are potential water leakage paths either into or out of the pipe.
1.2 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diameters between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes must be free of obstructions that prevent the probe passing through the pipe.
1.3 The scanning process requires access to sewers, filling sewers, and operations along roadways that are safety hazards. This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be encountered or the safety procedures that must be carried out when operating in these hazardous environments. (7.1.3) There are no safety hazards specifically associated with the use of an electro-scan apparatus that complies with the specifications provided in this standard. (6.7 and 6.10.)
1.4 The measurement of the variation of electric current requires the insertion of various items into a sewer. There is always a risk that due to unknown structural conditions in the sewer such items may become lodged in the pipe or may cause the state of a sewer in poor structural condition to further deteriorate. This standard does not describe methods to assess the structural risk of a sewer.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2550 −13
Standard Practice for
Locating Leaks in Sewer Pipes By Measuring the Variation
1
of Electric Current Flow Through the Pipe Wall
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Infiltration of groundwater into a sewer through defects in the pipe can considerably increase the
operation and capital costs of a sewer system. Exfiltration of sewage out of a sewer pipe may cause
degradation of aquifers and shoreline waters.Accurate location, measurement, and characterization of
all potential pipe leak defects are essential inputs for cost-effective design, testing, and certification of
pipe repairs, renewal, and new construction. While commonly used sewer leak assessment methods,
such as air and water pressure testing, represent cost effective methods to provide overall Pass/Fail
pipe assessments, their inability to provide accurate location and size of leaks, particularly at
individual joints and service connection, limit their use in remediation and rehabilitation decision
support.
1. Scope always a risk that due to unknown structural conditions in the
sewer such items may become lodged in the pipe or may cause
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring the varia-
the state of a sewer in poor structural condition to further
tion of electric current flow to detect and locate potential pipe
deteriorate. This standard does not describe methods to assess
leaks in pipes fabricated from electrically nonconductive
the structural risk of a sewer.
materials such as brick, clay, concrete, and plastic pipes (that
is, reinforced and non-reinforced). The method uses the varia-
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
tion of electric current flow through the pipe wall to locate
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
defects that are potential water leakage paths either into or out
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
of the pipe.
and are not considered standard.
1.2 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
diameters between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
must be free of obstructions that prevent the probe passing
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
through the pipe.
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The scanning process requires access to sewers, filling
sewers, and operations along roadways that are safety hazards.
2. Terminology
This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be
encountered or the safety procedures that must be carried out
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
when operating in these hazardous environments. (7.1.3)There
2.1.1 lateral, n—sewer pipe connecting the common sewer
are no safety hazards specifically associated with the use of an
collection system to the user.
electro-scan apparatus that complies with the specifications
2.1.2 mainline, n—pipe that is part of the common sewer
provided in this standard. (6.7 and 6.10.)
collection system.
1.4 The measurement of the variation of electric current
2.1.3 maintenance hole, n—(MH) vertical shafts intersect-
requires the insertion of various items into a sewer. There is
ing a sewer that allows entry to the sewer for cleaning,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F36 on Technology inspection and maintenance.
and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20
2.1.4 owner, n—entity holding legal rights to, and respon-
on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
sible for the operation and maintenance of the sewer pipe.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2550–06. DOI:
10.1520/F2550-13. 2.1.5 probe, n—scan electrode placed in a pipe.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2550−13
2.1.6 sliding pipe plug, n—device that blocks the flow 4.1.6 Permission to use water from fire hydrants at the work
through a pipe and at the same time can be pulled through the site, or other suitable designated sources within a reasonable
pipe. distancefromtheworkareas,whichisnecessaryforcon
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2550 − 06 F2550 − 13
Standard Practice for
Locating Leaks in Sewer Pipes Using Electro-Scan--the By
Measuring the Variation of Electric Current Flow Through
1
the Pipe Wall
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Infiltration of groundwater into a sewer through defects in the pipe can considerably increase the
operation and capital costs of a sewer system. Exfiltration of sewage out of a sewer pipe may cause
degradation of aquifers and shoreline waters. Accurate location, measurement, and characterization of
all potential pipe leak defects are essential inputs for cost-effective design of pipe renewal or
remediation. Commonly design, testing, and certification of pipe repairs, renewal, and new
construction. While commonly used sewer leak assessment methods either do not detect a significant
number of large potential pipe leak defects, particularly those caused by faulty joints or service
connections, or are too slow or costly or both for widespread application.methods, such as air and
water pressure testing, represent cost effective methods to provide overall Pass/Fail pipe assessments,
their inability to provide accurate location and size of leaks, particularly at individual joints and
2,3
service connection, limit their use in remediation and rehabilitation decision support.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for usingmeasuring the electro-scan methodvariation of electric current flow to detect and
locate potential pipe leak defects that are potential sources of leaks in pipes fabricated from electrically nonconductive
materialmaterials such as plastic,brick, clay, and concrete (reinforced concrete, and plastic pipes (that is, reinforced and
non-reinforced). The electro-scan method uses the variation of electric current flow through the pipe wall to locate defects that are
potential water leakage paths either into or out of the pipe.
1.2 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diameters
between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes must be free of obstructions that prevent the sondeprobe passing through the
pipe.
1.3 The use of the electro-scan scanning process requires access to sewers, filling sewers, and operations along roadways that
are safety hazards. This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be encountered or the safety procedures that must be
carried out when operating in these hazardous environments. (7.1.3) There are no safety hazards specifically associated with the
use of an electro-scan apparatus that complies with the specifications provided in this standard. (6.7 and 6.10.)
1.4 The use of electro-scan measurement of the variation of electric current requires the insertion of various items into a sewer.
There is always a risk that due to unknown structural conditions in the sewer such items may become lodged in the pipe or may
cause the state of a sewer in poor structural condition to further deteriorate. This standard does not describe methods to assess the
structural risk of a sewer.
1.5 The values stated in inch/poundinch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only. mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technology and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20 on
Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006Nov. 1, 2013. Published February 2006November 2013. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as
F2550–06. DOI: 10.1520/F2550-06.10.1520/F2550-13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F2550 − 1
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