ASTM C34-17

Standard Specification for Structural Clay Loadbearing Wall Tile

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural clay loading-bearing wall tiles of the following grades: Grade LBX, suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering; and Grade LB, suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where protected with a facing of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry. Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing), which must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements. Tiles shall adhere to water absorption, compressive strength, and dimensional (nominal thickness and mass) requirements specified for individual grades.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loadbearing wall tile.  
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.  
1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232.)  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2017
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.02 - Brick and Structural Clay Tile

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C34 − 17
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Loadbearing Wall Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers structural clay loadbearing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
wall tile. C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
Structural Clay Tile
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile
Made from Clay or Shale)
extracted from masonry structures for determining confor-
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
mance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Sec-
tion 5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.
3. Terminology
1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from 3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to structural clay
clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and
loadbearing wall tile, refer to Terminology C1232.
subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).
4. Classification
The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between
4.1 Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
the particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-
4.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry
bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired
construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to
bond in Terminology C1232.)
weathering, provided they meet the durability requirements for
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and
Grade SW of Specification C216.
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
4.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry
considered as requirements of the standard.
where protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
desired, these features shall be specified separately by the
and are not considered standard.
purchaser.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
firing; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it
has been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Physical Properties
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Tile shall conform to the physical properties for the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
grade specified as prescribed in Table 1.
5.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all condi-
tions instead of Grade LB.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C34 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0034- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C34 − 17
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
B
Maximum Water Minimum Compressive Strength (Based on Gross Area), psi (MPa)
A
Absorption by 1-h Boiling, % End Construction Tile Side Construction Tile
Grade
Average of Average of Average of
Individual Individual Individual
Five Tests Five Tests Five Tests
LBX 16 19 1400 (9.6) 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)
LB 25 28 1000 (6.8) 700 (4.8) 700 (4.8) 500 (3.4)
A
The range in percentage absorption for tile delivered to any one job shall be not more than 12.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C34 − 13 C34 − 17
Standard Specification for
1
Structural Clay Load-BearingLoadbearing Wall Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C34; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearingloadbearing wall tile.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of tile extracted
from masonry structures for determining conformance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Section 5) of this
standard is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 Tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected
to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate
constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology
C1232.)
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to structural clay load-bearingloadbearing wall tile, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Classification
4.1 Two grades of tile are covered, as follows:
4.1.1 Grade LBX—Suitable for general use in masonry construction and adapted for use in masonry exposed to weathering,
provided they meet the durability requirements for Grade SW of Specification C216.
4.1.2 Grade LB—Suitable for general use in masonry where not exposed to frost action, or for use in exposed masonry where
protected with a facing of 3 in. (76.2 mm) or more of stone, brick, terra cotta, or other masonry.
4.1.3 If tile having a particular color, texture, or finish are desired, these features shall be specified separately by the purchaser.
NOTE 1—Color of tile varies with the type of clay used and degree of firing; hence, it cannot be taken as indicative of classification until after it has
been related to absorption and strength by actual tests.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013June 1, 2017. Published December 2013July 2017. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
C34 – 12.C34 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0034-13.10.1520/C0034-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C34 − 17
5. Physical Properties
5.1 Tile shall conform to the physical properties for the grade specified as prescribed in Table 1.
5.2 Tile of Grade LBX shall be accepted under all conditions instead of Grade LB.
5.3 End-construction tile are tile designed to be placed in the wall with axes of the cells vertical. Side-construction tile are tile
designed to
...