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ASTM F218-13(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass

Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The performance of glass products may be affected by presence of residual stresses due to process, differential thermal expansion between fused components, and by inclusions. This test method provides means of quantitative evaluation of stresses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of stress in glass by means of a polarimeter based on the principles developed by Jessop and Friedel (1, 2).2 Stress is evaluated as a function of optical retardation, that is expressed as the angle of rotation of an analyzing polarizer that causes extinction in the glass.  
1.2 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2020
ICS
81.040.01 - Glass in general
Technical Committee
C14 - Glass and Glass Products
Drafting Committee
C14.04 - Physical and Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C1426-14(2020) - Standard Practices for Verification and Calibration of Polarimeters
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020
Refers
ASTM C770-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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ASTM F218-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in GlassASTM F218-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass
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ASTM F218-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F218 − 13 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in
1
Glass
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF218;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheanalysisofstressinglassby
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
means of a polarimeter based on the principles developed by
2 Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Jessop and Friedel (1, 2). Stress is evaluated as a function of
optical retardation, that is expressed as the angle of rotation of
3. Terminology
an analyzing polarizer that causes extinction in the glass.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to Terminology C162.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 The performance of glass products may be affected by
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
presence of residual stresses due to process, differential ther-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
mal expansion between fused components, and by inclusions.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This test method provides means of quantitative evaluation of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
stresses.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 5. Calibration and Standardization
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Whenever calibration of the polarimeter is required by
product specification, Practices C1426 for verification and
2. Referenced Documents
calibration should be used.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Polarimeter
C162Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C770Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—
6.1 The polarimeter shall consist of an arrangement similar
Optical Coefficient
to that shown in Fig. 1. A description of each component
C978Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Re-
follows:
sidual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a
6.1.1 Source of Light—Either a white light or a monochro-
Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compen-
matic source such as sodium light (λ 589 nm) or a white light
sation Procedures
covered with a narrow-band interferential filter B (see Fig. 1)
C1426Practices forVerification and Calibration of Polarim-
transmitting the desired monochromatic wavelength.
eters
NOTE 1—The white light should provide a source of illumination with
solar temperature of at least that of Illuminant A.
6.1.2 Filter—The filter should be placed between the light
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
source and the polarizer, or between the analyzer and the
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.04 on
Physical and Mechanical Properties.
viewer (see Fig. 1).
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
6.1.3 Diffuser—A piece of opal glass or a ground glass of
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F218 – 13. DOI:
photographic quality.
10.1520/F0218-13R20.
2
6.1.4 Polarizer—Apolarizing element housed in a rotatable
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this test method.
mount capable of being locked in a fixed position shown in
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1.5 Immersion Cell—Rectangular glass jar with strain-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. free, retardation-free viewing sides filled with a liquid having
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F218 − 13 (2020)
7.2 As usually employed, the polarimeter measures retarda-
tions in a sample that is placed in the polarimeter and rotated
until the measured stresses S and S are oriented along V and
x y
H (vertical or a horizontal) direction. Th
...

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4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.  
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4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
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1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
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Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
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Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
SCOPE
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