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ASTM D4953-99a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)

Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method, a modification of Test Method D323 (Reid Method), provides two procedures to determine the vapor pressure (Note 1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends. This test method is applicable to gasolines and gasoline-oxygenate blends with a vapor pressure range from 35 to 100 kPa (5 to 15 psi) (see Note 2).  Note 1-Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8°C (100°F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and air in the confined space. Note 2-Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined with this test method but the Precision and Bias as described in Section 10 do not apply. For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 psi), use a 0 to 200 kPa (0 to 30 psi) gage as specified in the Annex of Test Method D323.
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 6.5, and Notes 4, 6, 7, A1.1, and A1.2.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1999
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4953-06 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Effective Date
01-Aug-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6227-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5842-19 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6201-19a - Standard Test Method for Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D323-20a - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8275-22 - Standard Specification for Gasoline-like Test Fuel for Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5191-22 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5798-21 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D86-23 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5482-20a - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8236-18 - Standard Practice for Preparing an Equilibrium Liquid/Vapor Sample of Live Crude Oil, Condensates, or Liquid Petroleum Products Using a Manual Piston Cylinder for Subsequent Liquid Analysis or Gas Analysis
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7345-17 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8076-21b - Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Apr-1999

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ASTM D4953-99a - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)ASTM D4953-99a - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
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ASTM D4953-99a - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4953 – 99a
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends
1
(Dry Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope ucts (Reid Method)
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1 This test method, a modification of Test Method D 323
3
Petroleum Products
(Reid Method), provides two procedures to determine the
4
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
vapor pressure (Note 1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate
blends. This test method is applicable to gasolines and
3. Summary of Test Method
gasoline-oxygenateblendswithavaporpressurerangefrom35
3.1 The liquid chamber of the vapor pressure apparatus is
to 100 kPa (5 to 15 psi) (see Note 2).
filled with the chilled sample and connected to the vapor
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by
chamber at 37.8°C (100°F). The apparatus is immersed in a
the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor
bath at 37.8°C (100°F) until a constant pressure is observed.
pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8°C (100°F) in kilopascals (pounds-
The pressure reading, suitably corrected, is reported as the
force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor
vapor pressure.
pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and
3.2 Procedure A utilizes the same apparatus and essentially
air in the confined space.
NOTE 2—Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends
the same procedure as Test Method D 323 with the exception
below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined
that the interior surfaces of the liquid and vapor chambers are
with this test method but the Precision and Bias as described in Section 10
maintained completely free of water. Procedure B utilizes a
do not apply. For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15
semi-automatic apparatus with the liquid and vapor chambers
psi), usea0to200kPa(0to30 psi) gage as specified in theAnnex ofTest
identical in volume to those in Procedure A. The apparatus is
Method D 323.
suspended in a horizontal bath and rotated while attaining
1.2 Somegasoline-oxygenateblendsmayshowahazewhen
equilibrium. Either a Bourdon gage or pressure transducer can
cooled to 0 to 1°C. If a haze is observed in 8.4, it shall be
be used with this procedure. The interior surfaces of the liquid
indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias
and vapor chambers are maintained free of water.
statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see
Note 10).
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are stan-
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of
dard. The values given in parentheses are provided for infor-
liquid spark-ignition engine fuels. It provides an indication of
mation purposes only.
how a fuel will perform under different operating conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
For example, vapor pressure is a factor in determining whether
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a fuel will cause vapor lock at high ambient temperature or at
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
high altitude, or will provide easy starting at low ambient
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
4.2 Petroleum product specifications generally include va-
tions are given in 6.5, and Note 5, Note 7, Note 8, Note A1.1,
por pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility
and Note A1.2.
performance.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 3—Vapor pressure of fuels is regulated by various government
agencies.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
5. Apparatus
5.1 TheapparatusforProcedureAisdescribedinAnnexA1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D-2 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08 on
2
Volatility. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
4
published as D 4953 – 89. Last previous edition D 4953 – 99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 495
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5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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