ASTM D5798-21
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
ABSTRACT
This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 51 to 83 volume % ethanol for use in ground vehicles equipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Ethanol fuel blends, also referred to as “Ethanol Flex Fuel” shall conform to the performance requirements prescribed. Ethanol fuel blends shall be visually free of sediment and suspended matter. The vapour pressure, acidity, pHe requirements, gum content, inorganic chloride, water requirements, copper requirements, and sulphur requirements shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in ground vehicles equipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains 51 % to 83 % by volume ethanol. This fuel is for use in flexible-fuel vehicles and is sometimes referred to at retail as “Ethanol Flex-Fuel.” Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.
1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lower temperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fuel vehicle operability. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock are adjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements.
1.3 This specification formerly covered Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also known commercially as E85. The nomenclature “fuel ethanol” has been changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish this product from denatured fuel ethanol Specification D4806. To facilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonal vapor pressure requirements, a new lower minimum ethanol content has been established.
1.4 The United States government has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of alternative fuel used by these programs may be more restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 for additional information on alternative fuels containing ethanol.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5798 −21
Standard Specification for
Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-
1
Ignition Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automo-
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
tive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in ground
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
vehicles equipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-
limitations prior to use.
ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
51% to 83% by volume ethanol. This fuel is for use in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
flexible-fuel vehicles and is sometimes referred to at retail as
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
“Ethanol Flex-Fuel.” Appendix X1 discusses the significance
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of the properties specified.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
seasonalclimaticchanges.Vaporpressureisincreasedatlower
temperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fuel vehicle operabil-
2. Referenced Documents
ity. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock
2
are adjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
requirements.
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
1.3 ThisspecificationformerlycoveredFuelEthanol(Ed70-
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also known
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
commercially as E85. The nomenclature “fuel ethanol” has
D381Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
been changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish this
ration
product from denatured fuel ethanol Specification D4806.To
D525Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-
facilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonal
duction Period Method)
vapor pressure requirements, a new lower minimum ethanol
D1613Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
content has been established.
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
1.4 The United States government has established various
and Related Products
programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of
D1688Test Methods for Copper in Water
alternativefuelusedbytheseprogramsmaybemorerestrictive
D3231Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
than the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 for
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
additional information on alternative fuels containing ethanol.
Petroleum Products
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
Fuels, and Lubricants
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the
D4306Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
test method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This standard
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsi-
2
bility of Subcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D5798–20. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5798-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5798 − 20 D5798 − 21
Standard Specification for
Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-
1
Ignition Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in ground vehicles
equipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains 51 % to 83 %
by volume ethanol. This fuel is for use in flexible-fuel vehicles and is sometimes referred to at retail as “Ethanol Flex-Fuel.”
Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.
1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lower
temperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fuel vehicle operability. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock are
adjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements.
1.3 This specification formerly covered Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also known
commercially as E85. The nomenclature “fuel ethanol” has been changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish this product from
denatured fuel ethanol Specification D4806. To facilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonal vapor pressure
requirements, a new lower minimum ethanol content has been established.
1.4 The United States government has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of alternative
fuel used by these programs may be more restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 for additional
information on alternative fuels containing ethanol.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard
to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020Oct. 1, 2021. Published May 2020October 2021. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
D5798 – 19b.D5798 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D5798-20.10.1520/D5798-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5798 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Cont
...
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