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ASTM D7049-24

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres

Standard Test Method for Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method covers the gravimetric measurement4 of metal removal fluid aerosol concentrations in workplace atmospheres.  
5.2 This test method provides total particulate matter concentrations for comparison with historical exposure databases collected with the same technology.  
5.3 This test method provides an extension to current non-standardized methods by adding an extractable mass concentration which reduces interferences from nonmetal removal fluid aerosols.  
5.4 This test method does not address differences between metal removal fluid types, but it does include extraction with a broad spectrum of solvent polarity to adequately remove many of the current fluid formulations from insoluble background aerosol.5  
5.5 This test method does not identify or quantify any specific putative toxins in the workplace that can be related to metal removal fluid aerosols or vapors.  
5.6 This test method does not address the loss of semivolatile compounds from the filter during or after collection.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of both total collected particulate matter and extractable mass metalworking fluid aerosol concentrations in the range of 0.07 to 5 mg/m3 in workplace atmospheres.  
1.2 This test method describes a standardized means of collecting worker exposure information that can be compared to existing exposure databases, using a test method that is also more specific to metal removal fluids.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
29-Feb-2024
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
Drafting Committee
E34.50 - Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7049-17 - Standard Test Method for Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024
Referred By
ASTM E1497-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024
Referred By
ASTM E2148-21 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024
Referred By
ASTM E2889-23 - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024
Referred By
ASTM E2523-23 - Standard Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2024

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7049 − 24 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Personal Sampling Pumps
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-
Safety
tion of both total collected particulate matter and extractable
3
mass metalworking fluid aerosol concentrations in the range of 2.2 U.S. Government Regulations:
3
29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
0.07 to 5 mg/m in workplace atmospheres.
29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
1.2 This test method describes a standardized means of
Chemicals in Laboratories
collecting worker exposure information that can be compared
to existing exposure databases, using a test method that is also
3. Terminology
more specific to metal removal fluids.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
refer to Terminologies D1356 and E1542.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 extractable mass, n—the amount of material removed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by liquid extraction of the filter using a mixed-polarity solvent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mixture.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This mass is an approximation of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 filter set, n—a group of filters from the same produc-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tion lot that are weighed and assembled into the filter cassettes
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
at one time.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The filter set may be used for sampling
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
on multiple days with the appropriate field blanks being
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
submitted for each sampling day.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to produce
the finished part; such fluids are often characterized as straight,
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
soluble, semisynthetic, and synthetic.
Atmospheres
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Metalworking fluids addressed by this
D3195/D3195M Practice for Rotameter Calibration
test method include straight or neat oils not intended for further
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-
dilution with water, and water-miscible soluble oils, semi-
mospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
synthetics, and synthetics, which are intended to be diluted
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
with water before use. Metalworking fluids become contami-
D5337 Practice for Setting and Verifying the Flow Rate of
nated during use in the workplace with a variety of workplace
substances including, but not limited to: abrasive particles,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on
tramp oils, cleaners, dirt, metal fines and shavings, dissolved
Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
metal and hard water salts, bacteria, fungi, microbiological
E34.50 on Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
decay products, and waste. These contaminants can cause
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7049 – 17. DOI: changes in the lubricity and cooling ability of the metal
10.1520/D7049-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200
the ASTM website. Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http://www.osha.gov.
Copyright © ASTM Int
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7049 − 17 D7049 − 24 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of both total collected particulate matter and extractable mass
3
metalworking fluid aerosol concentrations in the range of 0.07 to 5 mg/m in workplace atmospheres.
1.2 This test method describes a standardized means of collecting worker exposure information that can be compared to existing
exposure databases, using a test method that is also more specific to metal removal fluids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D3195D3195/D3195M Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Setting and Verifying the Flow Rate of Personal Sampling Pumps
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
3
2.2 U.S. Government Regulations:
29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Health
and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017March 1, 2024. Published October 2017March 2024. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20102017 as
D7049D7049 – 17. – 04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D7049-17.DOI: 10.1520/D7049-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http://www.osha.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7049 − 24
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer to Terminologies D1356 and E1542.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 extractable mass, n—the amount of material removed by liquid extraction of the filter using a mixed-polarity solvent
mixture.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
This mass is an approximation of the metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.
3.2.2 filter set, n—a group of filters from the same production lot that are weighed and assembled into the filter cassettes at one
time.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The filter set may be used for sampling on multiple days with the appropriate field blanks being submitted for each sampling day.
3.2.3 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to produce the
finished part; such fluids are often characterized as straight, soluble, semisynthetic, and synthetic.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Metalworking fluids addressed by this test method include straight or neat oils,oils not intended for further dilution with water, and
water-miscible soluble oils, semi-synthetics, and syntheti
...

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5.3 Such measurements in indoor air are of importance because of the association of VOCs with air quality problems in indoor environments, particularly in relation to sick building syndrome and emissions from building materials. Many volatile organic compounds have the potential to contribute to air quality problems in indoor environments and in some cases toxic VOCs may be present at such elevated concentrations in home or workplace atmospheres as to prompt serious concerns over human exposure and adverse health effects (5).  
5.4 Such measurements in workplace air are of importance because of the known toxic effects of many such compounds.
Note 1: While workplace air monitoring has traditionally been carried out using disposable sorbent tubes, typically packed with charcoal and extracted using chemical desorption (solvent extraction) prior to GC analysis – for example following NIOSH and OSHA reference methods – routine thermal desorption (TD) technology was originally developed specifically for this application area. TD overcomes the inherent analyte dilution limitation of solvent extraction improving method detection limits by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude and making methods easier to automate. Relevant international standard methods include ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2. For a detailed history of the development of analytical thermal desorption and a comparison with solvent extraction methods see Ref (6).  
5.5 In order to protect the environment as a whole and human health in part...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to assist in the selection of sorbents and procedures for the sampling and analysis of ambient (1),2 indoor (2), and workplace (3, 4) atmospheres for a variety of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers or for human exposure assessment.  
1.2 This practice is based on the sorption of VOCs from air onto selected sorbents or combinations of sorbents. Sampled air is either drawn through a tube containing one or a series of sorbents (pumped sampling) or allowed to diffuse, under controlled conditions, onto the sorbent surface at the sampling end of the tube (diffusive or passive sampling). The sorbed VOCs are subsequently recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.  
1.3 This practice applies to three basic types of samplers that are compatible with thermal desorption: (1) pumped sorbent tubes containing one or more sorbents; (2) axial passive (diffusive) samplers (typically of the same physical dimensions as standard pumped sorbent tubes and containing only one sorbent); and (3) radial passive (diffusive) samplers.  
1.4 This practice recommends a number of sorbents that can be packed in sorbent tubes for use in the sampling of vapor-phase organic chemicals; including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds which, generally speaking, boil in the range 0 °C to 400 °C (v.p. 15 kPa to 0.01 kPa at 25 °C).  
1.5 This practice can be used for the measurement of airborne vapors of these organic compounds over a wide concentration range.  
1.5.1 With pumped sampling, this practice can be used for the speciated measurement of airborne vapors of VOCs in a concentration range of approximately 0.1 μg/m3 to 1 g/m3, for individual organic compounds in 1 L to 10 L air samples. Quantitative measurements are possible when using validated procedures with appropri...

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ASTM
ASTM E2115-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied Facilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended to help prevent lead poisoning of children by providing standardized procedures for conducting a lead hazard assessment and providing information needed to develop and recommend lead hazard control options as described in Practice E2252.  
5.2 This guide is applicable for use in either occupied or unoccupied dwellings and in other child-occupied facilities.  
5.3 The procedures in this guide, when supplemented by recommendations for controlling lead hazards, provide for the conduct of a lead risk assessment of a dwelling or of other child-occupied facilities.  
5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
5.5 Although this guide was developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this guide may be suitable for lead hazard assessments in non-residential buildings and other properties following agreement between assessor and client on appropriate lead action levels.  
5.6 This guide is not intended for use in identifying building materials that when abraded or otherwise degraded, such as that which may occur in remodeling or renovation activities, may result in lead hazards.  
5.7 Lead hazard assessment reports describe lead hazards identified at the time the assessment was performed. The locations, types, or severities of lead hazards can change over time as a result of property improvement or deterioration, significant changes in property use, or other factors.
Note 3: The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities.  
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.  
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
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1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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