ASTM D5763-95(2006)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
Standard Test Method for Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils Using Universal Glassware
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Degradation of gear oils by oxidation or thermal breakdown, or both, can result in sludge buildup and render the oil unsuitable for further use as a lubricant.
This is the only test method that employs glassware to measure the amount of sludge produced during oxidation and thermal degradation. This test method is a modification of Test Method D 2893 which measures the viscosity increase and precipitation number of the oil stressed at 95°C, but does not measure the amount of sludge formed.
This test method can be used to evaluate the oxidation/thermal stability of gear oils. However, the test results may not correlate with the performance of gear oils in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pressure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
Note 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils. Refer to Classification D 2422 for viscosity grades.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D5763–95 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation and Thermal Stability Characteristics of Gear Oils
Using Universal Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Added research report to existing footnote for Section 13 editorially in December 2008.
1. Scope E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida-
3. Terminology
tion characteristics of extreme pressure and non-extreme pres-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sure gear oils and includes the quantitative determination of
3.1.1 adherentsludge,n—sludgethatisformedonthewalls
total sludge, viscosity change, and oil loss.
of a container and is not easily removed.
NOTE 1—While the round-robin tests used ISO VG 220 extreme
3.1.2 aliquot, n—portion of sample being tested that is a
pressure gear oils for developing precision data, the test method can be
representative portion of the whole.
extended to other viscosity grades and to non-extreme pressure gear oils.
3.1.3 extreme pressure gear oil, n—gear oil that contains
Refer to Classification D2422 for viscosity grades.
chemical additives, such as sulfur and phosphorus compounds,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
whichproduceaprotectivefilmonthemetalsurfacetoprovide
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
anti-scuffing and anti-scoring properties.
only.
3.1.4 filterable sludge, n—sludge that is formed in the oil.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 non-extreme pressure gear oil, n, n—gear oil that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contains no extreme pressure additives.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 oxidation, n—the process by which oxygen chemi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cally reacts with materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 sludge, n—in gear oils, a precipitate that sometimes
forms as the oil ages or oxidizes.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 universal glassware, n—the glassware that is de-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
scribed in the universal oxidation thermal stability test. Refer
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
to Guide D4871.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
4. Summary of Test Method
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
4.1 The viscosity of the gear oil being tested is determined.
cosity System
A100-galiquotoftheoilinaweighedapparatusissubjectedto
D2893 Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of
a temperature of 120°C for 312 h while dry air is passed
Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
through the aliquot at 3 L/h.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4.2 At the end of the stress period, the aliquot is cooled to
Petroleum Products
room temperature.The apparatus is reweighed to determine oil
D4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability
loss. Filterable sludge is recovered by vacum filtration using a
Test Apparatus
2.8-µm glass fiber filter medium. The viscosity of the filtered
oil is determined. Sludge adhering to the oxidation cell and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on associated glassware is rinsed with heptane and the washings
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
passed through the same filter used to filter the filterable
D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.
sludge. The filter is dried in an oven to a constant weight to
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally
determine the total filterable sludge.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5763 – 95 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D5763-95R06E01.
4.3 The apparatus is dried and weighed to determine the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
amountofadherentsludge.Thesumofthefilterablesludgeand
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
adherent sludge is reported as total sludge. The percentage
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
change in viscosity and percent oil loss are also reported.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5763–95 (2006)
5. Significance and Use 6.9 Oven, explosive-proof, capable of heating from 50 to
60°C and of a sufficient size to hold oxidation cells.
5.1 Degradation of gear oils by oxidation or thermal break-
6.10 Thermometer, ASTM solvent distillation thermometer
down, or both, can result in sludge buildup and render the oil
having a range from 98 to 152°C and conforming to the
unsuitable for further use as a lubricant.
requirement for Thermometer 41C in accordance with Speci-
5.2 This is the only test method that employs glassware to
fication E1.
measure the amount of sludge produced during oxidation and
6.11 VacuumSource,toprovidepressurereductionto100 6
thermal degradation. This test method is a modification of Test
5 mm Hg absolute pressure.
Method D2893 which measures the viscosity increase and
precipitation number of the oil stressed at 95°C, but does not
7. Reagents and Materials
measure the amount of sludge formed.
7.1 Air Supply, dried air, oil free, at constant pressure to
5.3 This test method can be used to evaluate the oxidation/
permit 3 L/h air flow through the system. House air supply or
thermal stability of gear oils. However, the test results may not
pressurized air cylinders can be used.
correlate with the performance of gear oils in field service.
7.2 CalciumSulfateDesiccant,Anhydrous, indicating grade
(desiccant that changes color when it nears saturation with
6. Apparatus
water). Desiccants equivalent to calcium sulfate can be used.
6.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled,
7.3 Heptane, minimum purity—99.75 %. (Warning—
capable of maintaining the oil sample in the oxidation cell at a
Heptane is flammable and a health hazard.)
uniform temperature of 120 6 1°C and large enough to hold a
minimum of two oxidation cells and sufficiently deep to allow
8. Sampling
approximately 120 mm of the test tubes to extend above the
8.1 Samples for this test method can come from tanks,
heating liquid or block. The heating block is further described
drums, small containers, or operating equipment. Therefore,
in Test Method D4871.
use the applicable apparatus and techniques described in
6.2 OxidationCell, consistsofborosilicateglass;a38-mm
Practice D4057 to obtain suitable samples.
inside diameter and a 300 6 5-mm length is required.
8.2 Special precautions to preserve the integrity of a sample
will not normally be required. It is good practice to avoid
NOTE 2—While the round-robin test used the oxidation cell from a
specific equipment manufacturer in determining the precision statement,
undue exposure of samples to heat, sunlight, or strong direct
the test method permits the use of other oxidation cells that meet the
light. Visibly heterogeneous samples should not be used.
requirements of 6.2.
8.3 It is recommended that a 200-mL representative be
6.3 Air Delivery Tube, a borosilicate glass tube having an obtained.To ensure the aliquot being tested is representative of
inside diameter of 5 mm and a minimum length of 320 mm,
thesample,agitation;forexample,stirringorshakingoftheoil
with the lower tip cut at a 45° angle. prior to obtaining an aliquot, is recommended.
NOTE 3—The oxidation cell and delivery tube are further described in
9. Preparation of Apparatus
Test Method D4871.
9.1 Cleaning Glassware:
6.4 Flowmeters, one for each oxidation cell, capable of
9.1.1 Clean new glassware by washing with a hot detergent
measuring an air flow of 3 L/h6 0.5 L/h.
solution (using a bristle brush) and rinse thoroughly with tap
6.5 AirDryer—Beforebeingsuppliedtotheflowmeters,the
water. When any visible deposits remain, soaking with a hot
air shall be passed through a drying tower packed with
detergent solution can be helpful. After final cleaning by
indicating grade anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent. The
soaking with a suitable cleaning solution rinse thoroughly with
quantity of desiccant should be sufficient to last for the entire
tap water and then distilled water, and allow to dry at room
test. It is recommended that the drying tower be filled with
temperature or in an oven.
fresh desiccant prior to the test.
9.1.2 Used glassware should be cleaned immediately fol-
6.6 Filter, glass fiber, 2.8-µm porosity, 47 mm in diameter.
lowingtheendofatest.Whenadditionalcleaningisnecessary,
6.7 Balance, electronic, top-loading, capable of weighing to
use a non-chromic acid containing cleaning solution.
thenearestcentigram(0.01g)andhavingthecapacitytoweigh
9.2 Heating Block or Bath—Ensure that the heating block
up to 2000 g.
or bath is able to heat the oxidation cell at the control
6.8 Filter Holder, 47 mm, consisting of a borosilicate glass
temperature of 120°C.
funnel and a funnel base with a coarse-grade fritted glass filter
9.3 Flowmeter—Ensure that the flowmeter is capable of
support or stainless steel screen support such that the filter can
delivering the desired flow rate of 3.0 L of air per hour.
be clamped between the ground glass sealing surfaces of the
funnel a
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