ASTM E1065-08

Standard Guide for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to provide standardized procedures for evaluating ultrasonic search units. It is not intended to define performance and acceptance criteria, but rather to provide data from which such criteria may be established.
These procedures are intended to evaluate the characteristics of single-element piezoelectric search units.
Implementation may require more detailed procedural instructions in a format of the using facility.
The measurement data obtained may be employed by users of this guide to specify, describe, or provide a performance criteria for procurement and quality assurance, or service evaluation of the operating characteristics of ultrasonic search units. All or portions of the guide may be used as determined by the user.
The measurements are made primarily under pulse-echo conditions. To determine the relative performance of a search unit as either a transmitter or a receiver may require additional tests.
While these procedures relate to many of the significant parameters, others that may be important in specific applications may not be treated. These might include power handling capability, breakdown voltage, wear properties of contact units, radio-frequency interference, and the like.  
Care must be taken to ensure that comparable measurements are made and that users of the guide follow similar procedures. The conditions specified or selected (if optional) may affect the test results and lead to apparent differences.
Interpretation of some test results, such as the shape of the frequency response curve, may be subjective. Small irregularities may be significant. Interpretation of the test results is beyond the scope of this guide.
Certain results obtained using the procedures outlined may differ from measurements made with ultrasonic test instruments. These differences may be attributed to differences in the nature of the experiment or the electrical characteristics of the instrumentation.
The pulse generator used to ob...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers measurement procedures for evaluating certain characteristics of ultrasonic search units (also known as “transducers”) that are used with ultrasonic examination instrumentation. This guide describes means for obtaining performance data that may be used to define the acoustic and electric responses of ultrasonic search units.
1.2 The procedures are designed to measure search units as individual components (separate from the ultrasonic test instrument) using commercial search unit characterization systems or using laboratory instruments such as signal generators, pulsers, amplifiers, oscilloscopes, and waveform analyzers.
1.3 The procedures are applicable to manufacturing acceptance and incoming inspection of new search units or to periodic performance evaluation of search units throughout their service life.
1.4 The procedures in Annex A1-Annex A6 are generally applicable to ultrasonic search units operating within the 0.4 to 10 MHz range. Annex A7 is applicable to higher frequency immersion search unit evaluation. Annex A8 describes a guide for measuring sound beam profiles in metals from contact straight-beam search units. Additional Annexes, such as sound beam profiling for angle-beam search units in metal and alternate means for search unit characterization, will be added when developed.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2008
• ICS: 17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1065-99(2003) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1774-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E3166-20e1 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2491-23 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2373/E2373M-19 - Standard Practice for Use of the Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E127-20 - Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Flat Bottomed Hole Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E213-22 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2904-22 - Standard Practice for Characterization and Verification of Linear Phased Array Ultrasonic Probes
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2375-22 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2775-16 - Standard Practice for Guided Wave Testing of Above Ground Steel Pipework Using Piezoelectric Effect Transduction
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1065 − 08
StandardGuide for
1
Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide covers measurement procedures for evaluat- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing certain characteristics of ultrasonic search units (also E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
known as “transducers”) that are used with ultrasonic exami-
2.2 Other Document:
nation instrumentation.This guide describes means for obtain- Standard Methods for Testing Single Element Pulse-Echo
3
ing performance data that may be used to define the acoustic
Ultrasonic Transducers
and electric responses of ultrasonic search units.
3. Terminology
1.2 The procedures are designed to measure search units as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
individualcomponents(separatefromtheultrasonictestinstru-
see Terminology E1316.
ment) using commercial search unit characterization systems
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
or using laboratory instruments such as signal generators,
3.2.1 aperture—the dimension(s) of the active area of the
pulsers, amplifiers, oscilloscopes, and waveform analyzers.
piezoelectric element of the search unit as established by
1.3 The procedures are applicable to manufacturing accep-
experimentation.
tance and incoming inspection of new search units or to
3.2.2 bandwidth (BW)— that portion of the frequency re-
periodic performance evaluation of search units throughout
sponsethatfallswithingivenlimits.Inthistext,thelimitsused
their service life.
arethe-6dBlevel,asmeasuredfromthepeakofthefrequency
1.4 The procedures in Annex A1-Annex A6 are generally
response. The equation used for BW is:
applicabletoultrasonicsearchunitsoperatingwithinthe0.4to
BW 5 ~f 2 f !/f 3100 (1)
u 1 c
10 MHz range. Annex A7 is applicable to higher frequency
immersion search unit evaluation.AnnexA8 describes a guide
where:
for measuring sound beam profiles in metals from contact
f = upper frequency,
u
straight-beam search units.AdditionalAnnexes, such as sound
f = lower frequency, and
1
beam profiling for angle-beam search units in metal and
f = center frequency.
c
alternate means for search unit characterization, will be added
Bandwidth is expressed as a percentage.
when developed.
3.2.3 center frequency (f )—the frequency value calculated
c
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
to be at the center of the bandwidth limits.
as standard.
3.2.4 depth of field (F )—asmeasuredontheon-axisprofile
D
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of a focused search unit, that portion of the sound beam that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
falls within given limits.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.5 focal length (F )—for focused search units, the dis-
L
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tance from the lens to the focal point.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Method. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1065–99(2003). DOI: Available from the American Institute of Ultrasonics in Medicine, 14750
10.1520/E1065-08. Sweitzer Lane, Suite 100, Laurel, MD 20707-5906.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1065 − 08
3.2.6 focal point (F )—for focused search units, the point recorded from specific targets that are chosen for the type of
p
along the acoustic axis of the beam in water at which the peak search unit under evaluation (for example, immersion, contact
(maximum) pulse-echo amplitude response is recorded from a straight beam, or contact angle beam). AnnexA4 describes the
ball target reflector. procedures for measuring time response.
4.1.4 Electrical Impedance:
3.2.7 frequency response—the pulse-echo response of the
4.1.4.1 Complex Electrical Impedance—The complex elec-
search unit measured as a function of frequency. (This term
tr
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1065–99 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: E 1065 – 08
Standard Guide for
1
Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers measurement procedures for evaluating certain characteristics of ultrasonic search units (also known as
“transducers”) that are used with ultrasonic examination instrumentation. This guide describes means for obtaining performance
data that may be used to define the acoustic and electric responses of ultrasonic search units.
1.2 Theproceduresaredesignedtomeasuresearchunitsasindividualcomponents(separatefromtheultrasonictestinstrument)
using commercial search unit characterization systems or using laboratory instruments such as signal generators, pulsers,
amplifiers, oscilloscopes, and waveform analyzers.
1.3 The procedures are applicable to manufacturing acceptance and incoming inspection of new search units or to periodic
performance evaluation of search units throughout their service life.
1.4 The procedures in Annex A1-Annex A6 are generally applicable to ultrasonic search units operating within the 0.4 to 10
MHz range. Annex A7 is applicable to higher frequency immersion search unit evaluation. Annex A8 describes a guide for
measuring sound beam profiles in metals from contact straight-beam search units. Additional Annexes, such as sound beam
profiling for angle-beam search units in metal and alternate means for search unit characterization, will be added when developed.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Document:
3
Standard Methods for Testing Single Element Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Transducers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aperture—the dimension(s) of the active area of the piezoelectric element of the search unit as established by
experimentation.
3.2.2 bandwidth (BW)—thatportionofthefrequencyresponsethatfallswithingivenlimits.Inthistext,thelimitsusedarethe
-6 dB level, as measured from the peak of the frequency response. The equation used for BW is:
BW 5 ~f 2f !/f 3100 (1)
u 1 c
where:
f = upper frequency,
u
f = lower frequency, and
1
f = center frequency.
c
Bandwidth is expressed as a percentage.
3.2.3 center frequency (f )—the frequency value calculated to be at the center of the bandwidth limits.
c
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on NondestructiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003.1, 2008. Published September 2003.July 2008. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 19992003 as
E1065–99(2003).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
, Vol 03.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the American Institute of Ultrasonics in Medicine, 14750 Sweitzer Lane, Suite 100, Laurel, MD 20707-5906.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1065–08
3.2.4 depth of field (F )—as measured on the on-axis profile of a focused search unit, that portion of the sound beam that falls
D
within given limits.
3.2.5 focal length (F )—for focused search units, the distance from the lens to the focal point.
L
3.2.6 focal point (F )—for focused search units, the point along the acoustic axis of the beam in water at which the peak
p
(maximum) pulse-echo amplitude response is recorded from a ball target reflector.
3.2.7 frequency response—the pulse-echo response of the search unit measured as a function of frequen
...