ASTM E2373/E2373M-19
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of the Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique
Standard Practice for Use of the Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides general principles for the application of the Time-of-Flight Diffraction Technique as a tool for detection and sizing of discontinuities.
4.2 TOFD is a nondestructive ultrasonic examination technique that is not based on amplitude response. However, sufficient sensitivity is required to identify indications for evaluation.
4.3 TOFD techniques are typically applied to welded joints in carbon steel, but the principles may be applicable to other applications including other materials with suitable validation procedures agreeable to the contracting parties.
4.4 In addition to a stand-alone ultrasonic detection technique, TOFD may be used in conjunction with weld examinations such as those described in Practices E164 and E1961 where it may be used to improve sizing estimates of flaws detected by the manual or mechanized pulse-echo techniques and help discriminate between flaws and geometric reflectors.
4.5 The technique has proven effective on thicknesses from 9 to 300 mm [0.375 to 12 in.]. TOFD has been used on thicknesses outside of this range but special considerations are necessary. Techniques developed outside of this range of thickness shall be demonstrated as capable of meeting the required detection and sizing requirements of the specification used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the requirements for developing ultrasonic examination procedures using the ultrasonic technique known as Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD).
1.2 Consistent with ASTM Policy, TOFD may be regarded as an ultrasonic test method whereby the qualities and characteristics of the item tested are evaluated, measured, and, in some cases, identified. Measurements may be subject to precision and bias that may be determined statistically or as a function of some parameter(s) such as wavelength. This practice may be used for applications that would be quantitative examinations as well as quantitative tests.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2373/E2373M − 19
Standard Practice for
Use of the Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)
1
Technique
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2373/E2373M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
Testing
1.1 This practice establishes the requirements for develop-
E1065Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic
ing ultrasonic examination procedures using the ultrasonic
Search Units
technique known as Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD).
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.2 Consistent with ASTM Policy, TOFD may be regarded
E1324GuideforMeasuringSomeElectronicCharacteristics
as an ultrasonic test method whereby the qualities and charac-
of Ultrasonic Testing Instruments
teristics of the item tested are evaluated, measured, and, in
E1961Practice for Mechanized Ultrasonic Testing of Girth
some cases, identified. Measurements may be subject to
Welds Using Zonal Discrimination with Focused Search
precision and bias that may be determined statistically or as a
Units
function of some parameter(s) such as wavelength. This
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2.2 ASNT Documents:
practice may be used for applications that would be quantita-
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
tive examinations as well as quantitative tests.
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ANSI/ASNT CP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
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2.3 AIA Document:
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
NAS-410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
used independently of the other, and values from the two
Testing Personnel
systems shall not be combined.
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2.4 ISO Standards:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 9712Non-Destructive Testing—Qualification and Cer-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tification of NDT Personnel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ISO 5577Non-Destructive Testing—Ultrasonic Testing—
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Vocabulary
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ISO 16828Non-Destructive Testing—Ultrasonic Testing—
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Time-of-Flight Diffraction Technique as A Method for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Detection and Sizing of Discontinuities
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
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2.5 Other Document:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Code Case 2235ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definitions—Related terminology is defined in Termi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nology E1316.
E164Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
3
Ultrasonic Method. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2373/E2373M–14. Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
DOI: 10.1520/E2373_E2373M-19. WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME
the ASTM website. International, 22 Law Drive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2373/E2373M − 14 E2373/E2373M − 19
Standard Practice for
Use of the Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)
1
Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2373/E2373M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice establishes the requirements for developing ultrasonic examination procedures using the ultrasonic technique
known as Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD).
1.2 Consistent with ASTM Policy, TOFD may be regarded as an ultrasonic test method whereby the qualities and characteristics
of the item tested are evaluated, measured andmeasured, and, in some cases, identified. Measurements may be subject to precision
and bias that may be determined statistically or as a function of some parameter(s) such as wavelength. This practice may be used
for applications that would be qualitative and properly addressed as quantitative examinations as well as quantitative and more
properly addressed as tests.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E164 Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1065 Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1324 Guide for Measuring Some Electronic Characteristics of Ultrasonic Testing Instruments
E1961 Practice for Mechanized Ultrasonic Testing of Girth Welds Using Zonal Discrimination with Focused Search Units
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
4
2.3 Aerospace Industries Association AIA Document:
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
5
2.4 ISO Standard:Standards:
ISO 9712 Non-destructiveNon-Destructive Testing—Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
ISO 5577 Non-Destructive Testing—Ultrasonic Testing—Vocabulary
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2019. Published June 2014January 2020. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
E2373 - 09.E2373/E2373M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E2373_E2373M-14.10.1520/E2373_E2373M-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
5
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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