ASTM D5276-98(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the capability of a container to withstand the sudden shock resulting from a free fall, or to evaluate the capability of a container and its inner packing to protect its contents during the sudden shock resulting from a free fall. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different package designs. This test method may also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container and the damage to its contents.
4.2 This test method is particularly suitable for containers that are normally handled manually during some part of their distribution cycle. Containers of such bulk or mass that they cannot be handled manually may be tested more satisfactorily in accordance with Test Method D880, Test Methods D6055, Test Methods D6179, or Test Methods D4003. See Practice D4169 for additional guidance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by the free-fall method.
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and 2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D5276 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D880Test Method for ImpactTesting for Shipping Contain-
ers and Systems
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by
ments
the free-fall method.
D2463Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test
Molded Thermoplastic Containers
method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards2206:1987
D4003Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
and 2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
that do not meet the requirements for this test method.
D4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
tainers and Systems
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
Packaging Components for Testing
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. D6055Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6179Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Lot or Process
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
E680Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.2 ISO Standards:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ISO 2206Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Identification of Parts When Testing
ISO 2248Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages,
2. Referenced Documents Vertical Impact Test by Dropping
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Title 49—Transportation (49 CFR)
D585Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of
Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product
3. Terminology
(Withdrawn 2010)
D644Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
3.1 Definitions—General terms for packaging and distribu-
Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)
tion environments are found in Terminology D996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cylinder—for the purposes of this test method, a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
cylinder includes substantially cylindrical containers such as
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
barrels,drums,kegs,andpails(fiber,metal,plastic,orwood,or
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
combinations thereof).
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5276–98(2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D5276-98R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
the ASTM website. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.astm.org. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5276 − 98 (2017)
3.2.2 member—a face, corner, or edge of a rectangular 5.1.5.4 The impact surface shall be rigid, such that it will
container; a chime, end, or sidewall of a cylindrical container; not be deformed by more than 0.0039 in. (0.1 mm) when an
2 2
or a face, edge, corner, or butt of a bag or sack. areaof0.1550in. (100mm )isloadedstaticallywith22.05lb
(10 kg) anywhere on the surface.
5.1.5.5 The impact surface shall be sufficiently large to
4. Significance and Use
ensure that the containers being tested fall entirely upon the
4.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the
surface.
capability of a container to withstand the sudden shock
5.1.6 A rupture hazard may be used for determining the
resulting from a free fall, or to evaluate the capability of a
rupture resistance of cylindrical containers or bags. Unless
containeranditsinnerpackingtoprotectitscontentsduringthe
otherwisespecified,therupturehazardshouldconsistofa4by
sudden shock resulting from a free fall. This test method may
4-in. (102 by 102-mm) timber, of oak or other wood of
also be used to compare the performance of different package
equivalent hardness, approximately 4 ft (1.2 m) long, having
designs. This test method may also permit observation of the
the edges rounded to a radius of not more than ⁄4 in. (6.35
progressive failure of a container and the damage to its
mm).
contents.
5.1.6.1 For testing of 49 CFR—DOT 21C fiber drums, a 2
4.2 This test method is particularly suitable for containers
by6-in.(51by152-mm)timber,witha6-in.(152-mm)vertical
that are normally handled manually during some part of their
dimension, shall be used. The drum shall be dropped at right
distribution cycle. Containers of such bulk or mass that they
angles to the timber. The drop height shall be measured from
cannot be handled manually may be tested more satisfactorily
the top of the timber.
in accordance with Test Method D880, Test Methods D6055,
5.1.7 For very large containers, it may be necessary to use a
Test Methods D6179, or Test Methods D4003. See Practice
hoist, sling, and tripping devices, or a solenoid-operated drop
D4169 for additional guidance.
test mechanism and suspension devices, such as those de-
scribed in Appendix X1.
5. Apparatus
5.1.8 Conditioning Apparatus—Adequate facilities shall be
provided for conditioning test specimens at the proper humid-
5.1 Free-Fall Drop Test Equipment, conforming to the
ity and temperature prior to testing, in accordance with the
following requirements:
specification covering the containers to be tested.
5.1.1 It shall permit the container to be placed, prior to
5.1.8.1 Conditioning—Depending on the purpose of the
release,inapositionthatwillensurecorrectorientation,within
tests, containers may be conditioned prior to the drop test by
2 degrees upon impact, for flat-face drops or flat drops on ends
either a different physical test, water immersion, exposure to
or sidewalls of cylindrical containers, and within 5° upon
waterspray,orexposuretostandardorotherfixedairtempera-
impactforotherdrops,suchasedgedropsandcornerdropsfor
ture or humidity conditions. It is recommended that special
rectangular containers, bags, and sacks and diagonal drops on
atmospheres for conditioning be selected from those given in
chimes on cylindrical containers.
Practice D4332. Unless otherwise specified, fiber-board or
5.1.2 It shall permit accurate control of the drop from
paperboard containers shall be conditioned in accordance with
specified heights.
the preconditioning and standard conditioning atmospheres
5.1.3 It shall utilize lifting devices that will not damage the
specified in Practice D4332 (see also Practice D4169 for
test container.
additional guidance).
5.1.4 It shall provide a release mechanism that does not
5.1.8.2 Where the moisture content of fiberboard containers
impart vertical, rotational, or sideways forces to the test
is determined, it should be determined in accordance withTest
container. If drop leaves are used, the apparatus shall provide
Method D644.
a spring or other mechanism so that the leaves do not interfere
with a free, unobstructed fall.
6. Sampling
5.1.5 It shall provide an impact surface, horizontal and flat,
6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall be
massive enough to be immovable and rigid enough to be
chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
nondeformable under the test conditions.
performance.PracticeE122isrecommended.Unlessotherwise
5.1.5.1 The impact surface shall be of concrete, stone, or
specified,PracticeD585shallbeusedforacceptancetestingof
steel. If the dropping surface is a steel plate, it must be at least
1 fiberboard containers.
⁄2 in. (13 mm) thick and must be anchored firmly to the mass.
6.2 In the absence of any sampling plan, at least three
NOTE 1—Grout (a thin mortar used to fill crevices) is recommended
representative specimens should be selected for performance
over the entire surface of the mass below the plate to ensure positive
contact.
evaluation.
5.1.5.2 The impact surface shall be integral with a mass at
7. Test Specimens
least 50 times that of the heaviest container to be tested.
Neither the depth nor width of the mass shall be less than half 7.1 When the protective capability of a container is to be
the length.
evaluated, it is preferable to pack the container with the actual
5.1.5.3 For drop testing of containers not exceeding 110 lb contents for which it was designed (Note 2). When the
(50kg),theimpactsurfaceshallbeflat,suchthatnotwopoints capability of a container to withstand rough handling is to be
on the surface differ in level by more than ⁄64 in. (2 mm). evaluated, pack the container with either the actual contents or
D5276 − 98 (2017)
a load simulating the contents. Regardless of which procedure 9.1.1 Referencetothistestmethod,includingastatementto
is used, close the container in the same manner that will be the effect that all tests were conducted in full compliance with
used in preparing it for shipment. the requirements of this test method, or noting any variations
and their details.
NOTE 2—Where the use of actual contents is not feasible because of
9.1.2 Dimensions of the container under testing; complete
excessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the contents with
structural specifications; kinds of materials; description and
respect to dimensions, center of gravity, moment of inertia, density, flow
characteristics, etc. may be used. Accelerometers or other indicating
specifications for blocking and cushioning, if used; spacing,
mechanisms may be installed.
size, and type of fasteners; method of closing and strapping, if
7.2 Close and seal the container in the normal manner. Dry any; drying and aging time, if any; and tare and gross masses.
and age sufficiently so that any adhesive, protective coatings, 9.1.3 Description of the contents of the container under
sealing tape, and so forth will have reached their final normal testingand,ifnottestedwiththeactualcontentsintendedtobe
condition. shipped, description of these actual contents.
9.1.4 Number of specimens tested per sample.
8. Procedure
9.1.5 Methodofconditioningthecontainer,ifany;moisture
content of the wood, plywood, or fiberboard, if determined;
8.1 IdentifymembersasspecifiedinAnnexA1,bymarking,
and results of any supplementary tests of the materials from
at a minimum, Faces 1, 2, and 5 of rectangular containers;
which the container is made.
Positions 1, 3, 5, and 7 of cylindrical containers; and Faces 1,
9.1.6 Description of apparatus and special instrumentation,
4, and 5 of sacks and bags.
if used.
8.2 Unless otherwise specified, establish failure criteria
9.1.7 Whethera4by4 timber was used as a hazard.Where
prior to the commencement of testing. (See Practice D4169,
a hazard other than that specified in 5.1.6 is used, a description
Acceptance Criteria.)
of the hazard used.
8.3 Test containers that have been conditioned in the con-
9.1.8 Details of the failure criteria used.
ditioned atmosphere or immediately upon removal from that
9.1.9 Member(s) tested (see Annex A1).
atmosphere.
9.1.10 Description of the prescribed test sequence, if used.
9.1.11 Drop height(s).
8.4 Conduct drop test procedures by dropping the container
9.1.12 Size of the increment, if a variable height drop test
on either one member or several different members in a
procedure is used.
prescribed sequence (cyclical testing).
9.1.13 Number of drops (at each incremental height, if
8.4.1 When the container is to be dropped flat on a face,
applicable).
positionitsothat,uponimpact,thereisnomorethana2°angle
9.1.14 Detailed record of the test results for each container,
between the plane of this face and the impact surface.
including damage to the container and contents, together with
8.4.2 When a rectangular container or bag is to be dropped
any other observation that may assist in interpreting the results
onanedge,positionitsothat,uponimpact,thisedgemakesno
correctly or aid in improving the design of the container or
more than a 2° angle with the impact surface, and the plane
method of packaging, blocking, or bracing.
containing this edge and the center of gravity of the container
9.1.15 Where a mean failure height is determined by
makes no more than a 5° angle with the vertical.
dropping, a statement of this mean and the estimated standard
8.4.3 When a rectangular container or bag is to be dropped
deviation and level of confidence.
onacorner,positionitsothat,uponimpact,thelinecontaining
9.1.16 Name and address of the testing agency, date, and
this corner and the center of gravity of the container makes no
signature of a responsible representative of the testing agency.
more than a 5° angle with the vertical.
8.4.4 Whenacylindricalcontaineristobedroppedoneither
10. Precision and Bias
a chime or a circumferential edge, position it so that, upon
impact, a plane containing this edge and the center of gravity 10.1 Precision :
10.1.1 Aprecisionstatementisnotapplicablewhenthedrop
of the container makes no more than a 5° angle with the
vertical plane perpendicular to the drop surface. test is conducted at a specified drop height t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5276 − 98 (Reapproved 2009) D5276 − 98 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the drop testing of loaded boxes, cylindrical containers, and bags and sacks by the
free-fall method.
1.2 For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), this test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and
2248:1985. These ISO standards may describe procedures that do not meet the requirements for this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product (Withdrawn
2010)
D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D2463 Test Method for Drop Impact Resistance of Blow-Molded Thermoplastic Containers
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
D6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E680 Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity of Solid-Phase Hazardous Materials
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 2206 Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages, Identification of Parts When Testing
ISO 2248 Packaging—Complete Filled Transport Packages, Vertical Impact Test by Dropping
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009Sept. 1, 2017. Published March 2009September 2017. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20042009
as D5276 – 98 (2009).(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D5276-98R09.10.1520/D5276-98R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5276 − 98 (2017)
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
Title 49 —Transportation (49 CFR)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—General terms for packaging and distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cylinder—for the purposes of this test method, a cylinder includes substantially cylindrical containers such as barrels,
drums, kegs, and pails (fiber, metal, plastic, or wood, or combinations thereof).
3.2.2 member—a face, corner, or edge of a rectangular container; a chime, end, or sidewall of a cylindrical container; or a face,
edge, corner, or butt of a bag or sack.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the capability of a container to withstand the sudden shock resulting from
a free fall, or to evaluate the capability of a container and its inner packing to protect its contents during the sudden shock resulting
from a free fall. This test method may also be used to compare the performance of different package designs. This test method may
also permit observation of the progressive failure of a container and the damage to its contents.
4.2 This test method is particularly suitable for containers that are normally handled manually during some part of their
distribution cycle. Containers of such bulk or mass that they cannot be handled manually may be tested more satisfactorily in
accordance with Test Method D880, Test Methods D6055, Test Methods D6179, or Test Methods D4003. See Practice D4169 for
additional guidance.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Free-Fall Drop Test Equipment, conforming to the following requirements:
5.1.1 It shall permit the container to be placed, prior to release, in a position that will ensure correct orientation, within 2 degrees
upon impact, for flat-face drops or flat drops on ends or sidewalls of cylindrical containers, and within 5° upon impact for other
drops, such as edge drops and corner drops for rectangular containers, bags, and sacks and diagonal drops on chimes on cylindrical
containers.
5.1.2 It shall permit accurate control of the drop from specified heights.
5.1.3 It shall utilize lifting devices that will not damage the test container.
5.1.4 It shall provide a release mechanism that does not impart vertical, rotational, or sideways forces to the test container. If
drop leaves are used, the apparatus shall provide a spring or other mechanism so that the leaves do not interfere with a free,
unobstructed fall.
5.1.5 It shall provide an impact surface, horizontal and flat, massive enough to be immovable and rigid enough to be
nondeformable under the test conditions.
5.1.5.1 The impact surface shall be of concrete, stone, or steel. If the dropping surface is a steel plate, it must be at least ⁄2 in.
(13 mm) thick and must be anchored firmly to the mass.
NOTE 1—Grout (a thin mortar used to fill crevices) is recommended over the entire surface of the mass below the plate to ensure positive contact.
5.1.5.2 The impact surface shall be integral with a mass at least 50 times that of the heaviest container to be tested. Neither the
depth nor width of the mass shall be less than half the length.
5.1.5.3 For drop testing of containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), the impact surface shall be flat, such that no two points on
the surface differ in level by more than ⁄64 in. (2 mm).
5.1.5.4 The impact surface shall be rigid, such that it will not be deformed by more than 0.0039 in. (0.1 mm) when an area of
2 2
0.1550 in. (100 mm ) is loaded statically with 22.05 lb (10 kg) anywhere on the surface.
5.1.5.5 The impact surface shall be sufficiently large to ensure that the containers being tested fall entirely upon the surface.
5.1.6 A rupture hazard may be used for determining the rupture resistance of cylindrical containers or bags. Unless otherwise
specified, the rupture hazard should consist of a 4 by 4-in. (102 by 102-mm) timber, of oak or other wood of equivalent hardness,
approximately 4 ft (1.2 m) long, having the edges rounded to a radius of not more than ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm).
5.1.6.1 For testing of 49 CFR—DOT 21C fiber drums, a 2 by 6-in. (51 by 152-mm) timber, with a 6-in. (152-mm) vertical
dimension, shall be used. The drum shall be dropped at right angles to the timber. The drop height shall be measured from the top
of the timber.
5.1.7 For very large containers, it may be necessary to use a hoist, sling, and tripping devices, or a solenoid-operated drop test
mechanism and suspension devices, such as those described in Appendix X1.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
D5276 − 98 (2017)
5.1.8 Conditioning Apparatus—Adequate facilities shall be provided for conditioning test specimens at the proper humidity and
temperature prior to testing, in accordance with the specification covering the containers to be tested.
5.1.8.1 Conditioning—Depending on the purpose of the tests, containers may be conditioned prior to the drop test by either a
different physical test, water immersion, exposure to water spray, or exposure to standard or other fixed air temperature or humidity
conditions. It is recommended that special atmospheres for conditioning be selected from those given in Practice D4332. Unless
otherwise specified, fiber-board or paperboard containers shall be conditioned in accordance with the preconditioning and standard
conditioning atmospheres specified in Practice D4332 (see also Practice D4169 for additional guidance).
5.1.8.2 Where the moisture content of fiberboard containers is determined, it should be determined in accordance with Test
Method D644.
6. Sampling
6.1 The test specimens and number of samples shall be chosen to permit an adequate determination of representative
performance. Practice E122 is recommended. Unless otherwise specified, Practice D585 shall be used for acceptance testing of
fiberboard containers.
6.2 In the absence of any sampling plan, at least three representative specimens should be selected for performance evaluation.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 When the protective capability of a container is to be evaluated, it is preferable to pack the container with the actual contents
for which it was designed (Note 2). When the capability of a container to withstand rough handling is to be evaluated, pack the
container with either the actual contents or a load simulating the contents. Regardless of which procedure is used, close the
container in the same manner that will be used in preparing it for shipment.
NOTE 2—Where the use of actual contents is not feasible because of excessive cost or danger, a dummy load simulating the contents with respect to
dimensions, center of gravity, moment of inertia, density, flow characteristics, etc. may be used. Accelerometers or other indicating mechanisms may be
installed.
7.2 Close and seal the container in the normal manner. Dry and age sufficiently so that any adhesive, protective coatings, sealing
tape, and so forth will have reached their final normal condition.
8. Procedure
8.1 Identify members as specified in Annex A1, by marking, at a minimum, Faces 1, 2, and 5 of rectangular containers; Positions
1, 3, 5, and 7 of cylindrical containers; and Faces 1, 4, and 5 of sacks and bags.
8.2 Unless otherwise specified, establish failure criteria prior to the commencement of testing. (See Practice D4169, Acceptance
Criteria.)
8.3 Test containers that have been conditioned in the conditioned atmosphere or immediately upon removal from that
atmosphere.
8.4 Conduct drop test procedures by dropping the container on either one member or several different members in a prescribed
sequence (cyclical testing).
8.4.1 When the container is to be dropped flat on a face, position it so that, upon impact, there is no more than a 2° angle
between the plane of this face and the impact surface.
8.4.2 When a rectangular container or bag is to be dropped on an edge, position it so that, upon impact, this edge makes no more
than a 2° angle with the impact surface, and the plane containing this edge and the center of gravity of the container makes no
more than a 5° angle with the vertical.
8.4.3 When a rectangular container or bag is to be dropped on a corner, position it so that, upon impact, the line containing this
corner and the center of gravity of the container makes no more than a 5° angle with the vertical.
8.4.4 When a cylindrical container is to be dropped on either a chime or a circumferential edge, position it so that, upon impact,
a plane containing this edge and the center of gravity of the container makes no more than a 5° angle with the vertical plane
perpendicular to the drop surface.
8.4.5 When determining the rupture resistance of cylindrical containers or bags, place a rupture hazard (see 5.1.6) on the target
surface, and position it so that, unless otherwise specified, the center of the cylinder sidewall or face edge or butt of the bag impacts
across the hazard.
8.4.6 Before each drop of a bag or sack, distribute the contents uniformly throughout the bag or sack.
8.5 Height of Drop—Determine the height of the drop by measuring from the bottom surface, edge, or corner of the container
to the impact surface.
9. Report
9.1 Report the following information:
9.1.1 Reference to this test method, including a statement to the effect that all tests were conducted in full compliance with the
requirements of this test method, or noting any variations and their details.
D5276 − 98 (2017)
9.1.2 Dimensions of the container under testing; complete structural specifications; kinds of materials; description and
specifications for blocking and cushioning, if used; spacing, size, and type of fasteners; method of closing and strapping, if any;
drying and aging time, if any; and tare and gross masses.
9.1.3 Description of the contents of the container under testing and, if not tested with the actual contents intended to be shipped,
description of these actual contents.
9.1.4 Number of specimens tested per sample.
9.1.5 Method of conditioning the container, if any; moisture content of the wood, plywood, or fiberboard, if determined; and
results of any supplementary tests of the materials from which the container is made.
9.1.6
...
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