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ASTM D3044-94(2000)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels

Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
Note 1--This test method is primarily designed for material in which the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used, however, for plywood specimens in which the grain is at 45o to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of elasticity X moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1999
ICS
79.060.10 - Plywood
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.03 - Panel Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3044-94 - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Replaced By
ASTM D3044-94(2006) - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006

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ASTM D3044-94(2000) - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural PanelsASTM D3044-94(2000) - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels
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ASTM D3044-94(2000) - Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 3044 – 94 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Shear Modulus of Wood-Based Structural Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of the plate at points on the diagonal are measured relative to
its center. The shear modulus of the specimen is determined
1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear
from load-deflection data. The shear modulus obtained is that
modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear
associated with shearing distortion in the plane of the plate. A
distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable
photograph of testing apparatus and a deflection measuring
to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direc-
device is given in Fig. 1.
tion or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers
shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test
4. Significance and Use
specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different
4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the
material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective
moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of
shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include
rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson’s
plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of
ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears
veneer and of wood-based layers.
in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the
NOTE 1—This test method is primarily designed for material in which
modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and
the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is
buckling of plates.
parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used,
however, for plywood specimens in which the grain is at 45° to the
5. Control of Moisture Content
specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is
5.1 The structural panel samples to be tested at specific
used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of
elasticity 3 moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal. moisture contents or equilibrium relative humidities shall be
conditioned to approximately constant mass in controlled
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
atmospheric conditions. For approximating moisture condi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions of panels used under dry conditions, a relative humidity
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of 65 6 2 % at a temperature of 68 6 6°F (206 3°C) is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
recommended. Specimens shall be tested without undue delay
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
after conditioning. Testing in similarly controlled atmosphere
2. Referenced Documents is recommended whenever possible.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Test Specimen
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
2 6.1 The test specimen shall be square, with the thickness
Wood-Base Materials
equal to the thickness of the material, and the length and width
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
2 not less than 25 nor more than 40 times the thickness. The
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
thickness, length, and width of each specimen shall be mea-
3. Summary of Test Method sured to an accuracy of not less than6 0.3 %. Care shall be
taken to avoid obtaining test specimens with initial curvature.
3.1 Thetestconsistsoftwistingasquareplateofmaterialby
applying loads at the ends of one diagonal and supporting the
7. Loading Procedure
plate at the ends of the other diagonal. From theory on the
7.1 Support the test specimen on supports having a radius of
flexure of flat plates the deflections of the plate under this
curvature not greater than ⁄4 in. (6 mm) on the opposite ends
loading is related to the shear modulus of the plate. Deflections
of a plate diagonal, and loaded in a similar manner on the
opposite ends of the other diagonal. In order that the loads are
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood applied at the corners, first attach metal plates as shown in Fig.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
1. Fig. 1 also shows suggested apparatus for applying load and
Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originally
measuring deflection. Apply the load with a continuous and
published as D 3044 – 72. Last previous edition D 3044 – 76 (1986).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3044
FIG. 1 Shear Modulus Test of Structural Panel Showing Method of Loading and Observing the Deflections Along the Diagonals
NOTE 2—The value of P/D is genera
...

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3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.  
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.  
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).  
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1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
1.3 Two test methods are included:  
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1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.  
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.  
1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.  
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. When there are values given in parentheses, these are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of wood structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.  
3.2 Test Method A—This test method is suited to material that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally applied to wood structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process variables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of wood structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the sheet.  
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1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of panels for use in developing structural recommendations.  
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3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.  
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3.3.2 The compressive properties are influenced by buckling; however, this effect can be eliminated in this test by restraining the edges of the specimens.  
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1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on strength properties of structural panels,
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1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear (Rolling Shear)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.  
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.  
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).  
3.4 To control or define other variables influencing rolling shear, these test methods require determination of moisture content, specific gravity, and elapsed time-to-failure. Conditioning of test material in controlled atmospheres, determination of depth of knife checks (when applicable), and determination of percent of wood and plywood glueline failure (when applicable) are recommended.
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1.3 Two test methods are included:  
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1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.  
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.  
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1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. When there are values given in parentheses, these are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
Note 2: Test Methods D2718 describes a plate method for determination of modulus of rigidity of structural panels.
SCOPE
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of wood structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.  
3.2 Test Method A—This test method is suited to material that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally applied to wood structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process variables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of wood structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the sheet.  
3.3 Test Method B—This test method employs large test specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that affect the tensile properties of wood structural panels.  
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made that the same test method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of wood structural panels.  
1.2 Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other wood-based layers.  
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:  
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to minimize stress concentration.  
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.  
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:  
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, panel grade characteristics, and other variables influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.  
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized grade characteristics found in panels. The test specimens have a constant cross section since the size and location of grade characteristics control the location of failures and the effect of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.  
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength reducing variables on the tensile properties of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of panels for use in developing structural recommendations.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
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    English language
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