ASTM C498-95

Standard Specification for Perforated Clay Drain Tile (Withdrawn 2001)

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers perforated drain tile made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired. In this specification, the term perforated drain tile or tile shall mean tile made only from these materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1994
• Withdrawal Date: 09-Jan-2002
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 498 – 95
Standard Specification for
Perforated Clay Drain Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 498; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope ends of butt-end tile shall be so regular and smooth as to make
possible close joints by turning and pressing together the ends
1.1 This specification covers perforated drain tile made
of adjoining tile. Butt-end tile shall be furnished unless
from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired. In this
otherwise specified by the purchaser.
specification, the term perforated drain tile or tile shall mean
4.4 Drain tile shall conform to the general physical charac-
tile made only from these materials.
teristics prescribed in Table 1.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
5. Physical Properties
information only.
5.1 Drain tile shall conform to the physical requirements for
2. Referenced Documents the class specified as prescribed in Table 2.
5.2 Waiver of Absorption Requirements—Requirements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 prescribed in Table 2 for water absorption (5 h boiling) shall be
C 4 Specification for Clay Drain Tile
waived provided a sample consisting of five drain tile, meeting
3. Classes all other requirements, shows no disintegration or spalling and
no loss in dry weight of any individual tile greater than 5 %
3.1 Four classes of drain tile are covered:
when subjected to the freezing and thawing test, made as
3.1.1 Standard Perforated Drain Tile,
prescribed in Sections 17 to 19 of Specification C 4. The
3.1.2 Extra-Quality Perforated Drain Tile,
number of cycles of freezing and thawing to which each class
3.1.3 Heavy-Duty Perforated Drain Tile, and
of tile shall be subjected are:
3.1.4 Extra-Strength Perforated Drain Tile.
Class Number of Cycles
3.2 A higher strength class of perforated drain tile than
specified by the purchaser may be furnished and shall be
Standard 36
considered as meeting the specification for the class called for.
Extra-Quality 48
Heavy-Duty 48
Extra-Strength 48
4. Materials, Workmanship, and Finish
4.1 Presence in drain tile of any minerals or chemicals that
If tile meet the requirements of the freezing and thawing test,
are known to cause slaking or disintegration of the tile shall be
the average percentage absorption of the specimens used in the
deemed valid grounds for rejection, unless satisfactory proof is
test shall be adopted as the maximum allowable average
submitted that the tile are durable and permanent.
absorption for the contract in question. At least 80 % of all tile
4.2 Drain tile shall be free of cracks, checks, or chips
tested shall meet the requirements prescribed in this paragraph.
extending into the body of the tile in such a manner as would
decrease the strength appreciably. There shall be no breaks in
6. Sizes of Tile and Perforations
the tile that would admit earth into the drain.
6.1 Diameter—Sizes of drain tile shall be designated by
4.3 Drain tile shall be reasonably smooth on the inside and
their inside diameters.
shall be approximately circular in cross section, except when
6.2 Lengths—Drain tile smaller than 12 in. (305 mm) in
otherwise specified in advance. Perforations shall be clean cut
diameter shall have a length not less than approximately 12 in.
and there shall be no burrs projecting into the tile which would
Tile 12 to 18 in. (305 mm to 457 mm) in diameter, inclusive,
interfere with the free flow of water. Tile shall be approxi-
shall have nominal lengths not less than their diameters.
mately straight, except in the case of special connections. The
6.3 Perforations— Perforations shall be circular and cleanly
cut, and shall be specified by the purchaser as either (1) ⁄4 6
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-4 on
1 1 1
⁄16in. (6.46 1.6 mm) or (2) ⁄2 6 ⁄8in. (12.7 6 3.2 mm) in
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of C04.20 on Methods of Test and
diameter, arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the tile.
Specifications
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally
Perforations shall be not more than approximately 3 in. (76
published as C 498–62 T. Last previous edition C 498–65(1991).
mm) center to center, along rows, and the minimum number of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 498
TABLE 1 Distinctive General Physical Properties of Clay Drain Tile
Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty
Standard Perforated and Extra-Strength
Physical Properties Specified
Drain Tile Perforated
Drain Tile
Permissible variation of average diameter below specified diameter, % 3 3
Permissible variation between maximum and minimum diameters of 75 65
same tile, percentage of thickness of wall
Permissible variation of average length of tile sampled below 33
manufacturer’s specified length, %
Permissible variation from straightness, percentage of length 3 3
Permissible thickness of exterior blisters, lumps, and flakes which do 20 15
not weaken tile and are few in number, percentage of thickness of
wall
Permissible diameters of above blisters, lumps, and flakes, 15 10
percentage of inside diameter
General inspection rigid very rigid
TABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Perforated Clay Drain Tile
Standard Drain Tile Extra-Quality Drain Tile Heavy-Duty Drain Tile Extra-Strength Drain Tile
Maximum Maximum
Internal Minimum Crushing Water Minimum Crushing Water Minimum Crushing
A
Minimum Crushing Strength,
A A A
Diameter Strength, lbf/linear Absorption by Strength, Absorption by Strength,
lbf/linear ft (kN/m)
B B
of Tile, ft (kN/m) 5-h Boiling, lbf/linear ft (kN/m) 5-h Boiling, lbf/linear ft (kN/m)
in. % %
Average of Indi- Average of Indi- Average of Indi- Average of Indi- Average of Indi- Average of Indi-
Five Tile vidual Five Tile vidual Five Tile vidual Five Tile vidual Five Tile vidual Five Tile vidual
4 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 13 16 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 11 13 1400 (20.4) 1260 (18.4) 2000 (29.2) 1800 (26.3)
5 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 13 16 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 11 13 1400 (20.4) 1260 (18.4) 2000 (29.2) 1800 (26.3)
6 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 13 16 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 11 13 1400 (20.4) 1260 (18.4) 2000 (29.2) 1800 (26.3)
8 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 13 16 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 11 13 1500 (21.9) 1350 (19.7) 2140 (31.2) 1920 (28.0)
10 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 13 16 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 11 13 1550 (22.6) 1400 (20.4) 2200 (32.1) 1980 (28.9)
12 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 13 16 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 11 13 1700 (24.8) 1530 (22.3) 2420 (35.3) 2170 (31.7)
14 840 (12.3) 720 (10.5) 13 16 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 11 13 1850 (27
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