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ASTM E2072-10

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings

Standard Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers minimum photometric requirements for newly applied photoluminescent (phosphorescent) safety materials used to provide supplemental markings of escape routes, emergency equipment, and obstructions along the escape route. This specification does not cover potentially diminished performance due to wear and tear and aging. The photoluminescent safety materials shall be tested and shall conform to optical requirements and to the specified values of on-site luminance, activation, and marking width.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum photometric requirements for newly applied photoluminescent (phosphorescent) safety materials used to provide supplemental markings of escape routes, emergency equipment, and obstructions along the escape route. (see also Test Method E2073 and Guide E2030).
1.2 This specification establishes minimum luminance values for photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings.
1.3 This specification applies to all types of photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings, including but not limited to plastics, coatings, ceramics, films, etc.
1.4 This specification does not cover potentially diminished performance due to wear and tear and aging.
1.5 This specification applies only to photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings emitting the majority of spectral energy within the 515 to 535 nanometer range.
1.6 When reference is made regarding photoluminescence in the text of this standard, it implies phosphorescence.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2010
ICS
13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.13 - Photoluminescent Safety Markings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2072-09 - Standard Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2073-19a - Standard Test Method for Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Markings
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2072 −10 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E2073 Test Method for Photopic Luminance of Photolumi-
nescent (Phosphorescent) Markings
1.1 This specification covers minimum photometric require-
ments for newly applied photoluminescent (phosphorescent)
3. Terminology
safety materials used to provide supplemental markings of
3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 and Termi-
escape routes, emergency equipment, and obstructions along
nology E1316 are applicable to this specification.
the escape route. (see also Test Method E2073 and Guide
E2030).
4. Performance Requirements
1.2 This specification establishes minimum luminance val-
4.1 Optical Requirements:
ues for photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings.
4.1.1 Luminance in a Test Laboratory—The photopic lumi-
1.3 This specification applies to all types of photolumines-
nance of all three specimens of the photoluminescent marking,
cent (phosphorescent) markings, including but not limited to
measured in compliance with Test Method E2073, shall be not
plastics, coatings, ceramics, films, etc.
2
less than: 20.0 mcd/m at 10 min after activation has ceased;
2
1.4 This specification does not cover potentially diminished
and 2.8 mcd/m at 60 min after activation has ceased.
performance due to wear and tear and aging.
5. Installation Site
1.5 This specification applies only to photoluminescent
(phosphorescent) markings emitting the majority of spectral
5.1 On-Site Luminance—The photopic luminance of on-site
energy within the 515 to 535 nanometer range. installed photoluminescent markings shall be measured in
compliance withTest Method E2073.The on-site lighting shall
1.6 When reference is made regarding photoluminescence
be used as activation. Markings must be a minimum of 1-in.
in the text of this standard, it implies phosphorescence.
(25.4-mm) width. For markings of width W, the required
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
photopic luminance shall, at all times, be not less than:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
2
1500/W mcd/m at 10minafteractivationhasceased
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
2
and are not considered standard. 220/W mcd/m at 60minafteractivationhasceased
For this calculation, the width W is measured in millimetres.
2. Referenced Documents
Examples of Required Luminance Values
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: Width of Marking 10 min after 60 min after
activation has ceased activation has ceased
E284 Terminology of Appearance
2 2
Minimum 25.4–mm 59.06 mcd/m 8.66 mcd/m
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations 2 2
40–mm 37.50 mcd/m 5.50 mcd/m
2 2
E2030 Guide for Recommended Uses of Photoluminescent 75–mm 20.00 mcd/m 2.93 mcd/m
2 2
100–mm 15.00 mcd/m 2.20 mcd/m
(Phosphorescent) Safety Markings
5.2 Activation—The required recharging activation level for
photoluminescent safety markings depends on the ambient
1 luminance level, the type of light source utilized, and the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.13 on duration of exposure to the activating light source. Consult
Photoluminescent Safety Markings.
manufacturers for performance levels under various lighting
Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally
conditions.
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2072 – 09a. DOI:
101520/E2072-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Keywords
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 escape routes; luminance; photoluminescent safety
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. markings
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2072−10
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. CODE COMPLIANCE
X1.1 When this standard is used to show compliance with with an organization that is acceptable to theAuthority Having
codesorstandards,themanufacturershouldhaveanagreement Jurisdiction for follow-up factory inspection services.
X2. LUMINANCE COMPARISON FOLLOWING DIFFERENT ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS
X2.1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E2072–09a Designation: E2072 – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2072; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers minimum photometric requirements for newly applied photoluminescent (phosphorescent) safety
materials used to provide supplemental markings of escape routes, emergency equipment, and obstructions along the escape route.
(see also Test Method E2073 and Guide E2030).
1.2 This specification establishes minimum luminance values for photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings.
1.3 This specification applies to all types of photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings, including but not limited to plastics,
coatings, ceramics, films, etc.
1.4 This specification does not cover potentially diminished performance due to wear and tear and aging.
1.5 This specification applies only to photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings emitting the majority of spectral energy
within the 515 to 535 nanometer range.
1.6 When reference is made regarding photoluminescence in the text of this standard, it implies phosphorescence.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2030 Guide for Recommended Uses of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings
E2073 Test Method for Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Markings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 and Terminology E1316 are applicable to this specification.
4. Performance Requirements
4.1 Optical Requirements:
4.1.1 Luminance in a Test Laboratory—The photopic luminance of all three specimens of the photoluminescent marking,
2
measured in compliance with Test Method E2073, shall be not less than: 20.0 mcd/m at 10 min after activation has ceased; and
2
2.8 mcd/m at 60 min after activation has ceased.
5. Installation Site
5.1 On-Site Luminance—The photopic luminance of on-site installed photoluminescent markings shall be measured in
compliance with Test Method E2073. The on-site lighting shall be used as activation. Markings must be a minimum of 1-in.
(25.4-mm) width. For markings of width W, the required photopic luminance shall, at all times, be not less than:
1500/W mcd/m2 at 10 min after activation has ceased
For this calculation, the width W is measured in millimetres.
Examples of Required Luminance Values
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.13 on
Photoluminescent Safety Markings.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009.March 1, 2010. Published JanuaryMarch 2010. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
E2072 – 09a. DOI: 10.1520/E2072-09A.101520/E2072-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2072 – 10
Width of Marking 10 min after 60 min after
activation has ceased activation has ceased
2 2
Minimum 25.4–mm 59.06 mcd/m 8.66 mcd/m
2 2
40–mm 37.50 mcd/m 5.50 mcd/m
2 2
75–mm 20.00 mcd/m 2.93 mcd/m
2 2
100–mm 15.00 mcd/m 2.20 mcd/m
5.2 Activation—The required recharging activation level for photoluminescent safety markings depends on the ambient
luminancelevel,thetypeoflightsourceutilized,andthedurationofexposuretotheactivatinglightsource.Consultmanufacturers
for performance levels under various lighting conditions.
6. Keywords
6.1 escape routes; luminance; photoluminescent safety markings
APPENDIX
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.LUMINANCE COMPARISON FOLLOWING DIFFERENT
...

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Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Application of this guide will provide users with information on how to use the various documents listed in Section 2 related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids.  
4.2 Users of the documents listed in Section 2 may fall into several categories, such as producers of metalworking or metal removal fluids, suppliers of raw materials to those producers, users of metalworking or metal removal fluids, and other interested parties such as non-governmental organizations.  
4.3 While all parties may wish to be generally familiar with all the documents listed in Section 2, producers and users may each want to focus on certain documents which are directly applicable to them:  
4.4 Documents Applicable to Producers:  
4.4.1 E1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids:  
4.4.1.1 Test Method E1687 covers a microbiological test procedure based upon the Salmonella  mutagenesis assay of Ames et al.7 (see also Maron et al.).8 It can be used as a screening technique to detect the presence of potential dermal carcinogens in virgin base oils used in the formulation of metalworking oils. Persons who use this test should be well versed in the conduct of the Ames test and conversant with the physical and chemical properties of petroleum products.
4.4.1.2 Producers of metalworking fluids and metal removal fluids should assure themselves that virgin base oils used in the formulation of neat metalworking and metal removal oils and soluble and semi-synthetic metal removal fluids have an acceptable mutagenicity index or mutagenic potency index.  
4.4.2 E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-Miscible Metal Removal Fluids:  
4.4.2.1 Guide E1302 defines acute animal toxicity tests and sets forth references for procedures to assess the acute toxicity of water-miscible metal removal fluids as manufactured.
4.4.2.2 Application of Guide E1302 will provide information on the acute toxicity ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient background information to effectively use the documents listed in Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped as applicable to producers, to users or to all.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2565-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Consensus-Based Process for an Occupational Safety and Health Standard That Includes an Occupational Exposure Guideline

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is designed to help identify and integrate affected stakeholder interests and to include relevant scientific and technical information when developing occupational safety and health standards that include or are proposed to include an OEG.  
5.2 This guide shall be used when updating an occupational safety and health standard containing an OEG.  
5.3 While use of the CBSD process is required for occupational safety and health standards that include an OEG, it may also be used to improve stakeholder involvement and technical input for other occupational safety and health standards.  
5.4 The CBSD process is intended:
(1) To obtain representation on the committee or subcommittee from sectors that are substantially impacted by a specific standard project; and
(2) To obtain adequate input when the project requires review and analysis of information that is highly technical, very specialized, or not widely available.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a framework for a stakeholder-focused, consensus-based decision-making process for occupational safety and health standard development activities that include adoption or development of occupational exposure guidelines (OEGs) as a part of occupational health and safety standards.  
1.2 This guide applies to safety and health standard development activities in which an occupational exposure guideline will be included as one element of a comprehensive standard that addresses safety and health management strategies such as communication, monitoring, and controls. It is not meant to be used to develop an OEG apart from the context of such management strategies. In cases where other occupational exposure limit (OEL) establishing bodies have developed OELs, those may be reviewed, assimilated, or adapted rather than recreated ab initio.  
1.3 This guide does not replace existing consensus-based decision-making or committee participation processes that are used to develop safety and health standards. It is intended to be used in conjunction with such processes to improve scientific and technical input and stakeholder involvement in occupational safety and health decision-making for such standards.  
1.4 Limitations—This guide does not prescribe specific methods for generating or evaluating scientific and technical data related to assessing a particular occupational safety and health issue. Occupational safety and health standards apply to a wide variety of substances and occupational exposure circumstances. It is not possible to anticipate all situations where an OEG may be useful for a standard. This guide will be helpful in promoting appropriate balance and input, but the consensus process must deal with real-world complexities that individual standards may involve.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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