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ASTM F2662-08(2020)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR Incidents

Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR Incidents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard as it relates to general and specific knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA), for existing dispatchers, 911 operators and telecommunicators to be trained in the processing and dispatching of potential and actual search and rescue incidents. A person trained to this guide is a Level I (basic) SAR Dispatcher.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as an SAR Dispatcher shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction who wish to identify the minimum training standards for Level I SAR dispatcher.  
4.4 This guide is only the first level of training for Search and Rescue Dispatcher (SRD) personnel, and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to perform SAR Dispatch.  
4.5 Nothing in this guide precludes a user of this guide from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Level I SRD, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.7 It is up to the training authority to determine the depth or detail of training to meet its needs.  
4.8 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by the user.  
4.9 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an SRD. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.10 The knowledge, skills, and abilities requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.11 Except where a physical skill needs to be shown, it is up to the instructor, evaluator, or tester to determine the best...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard as it relates to general and specific knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA), for existing dispatchers (who have met the requirements of Practice F1258), 911 (emergency) operators, and telecommunicators to be trained for the processing and dispatch of potential and actual search and rescue incidents.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2020
ICS
03.100.30 - Management of human resources
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.02 - Management and Operations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2662-08(2014) - Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR Incidents
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F1258-95(2006) - Standard Practice for Emergency Medical Dispatch
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Refers
ASTM F1258-95(2001) - Standard Practice for Emergency Medical Dispatch
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Refers
ASTM F1258-95 - Standard Practice for Emergency Medical Dispatch
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM F2662-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR IncidentsASTM F2662-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR Incidents
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ASTM F2662-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of SAR Incidents
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2662 − 08 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Guide for
Minimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators of
SAR Incidents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 agency, n—anSARoremergencyresponseentitysuch
as an SAR team, military unit, or emergency management,
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard as
police, or fire service with SAR responsibilities.
it relates to general and specific knowledge, skills, and abilities
3.1.2 automatic aid, n—aid given by another agency, auto-
(KSA), for existing dispatchers (who have met the require-
matically upon dispatch, when written into dispatch guidelines
ments of Practice F1258), 911 (emergency) operators, and
or protocols. Automatic aid is generated by your Communica-
telecommunicators to be trained for the processing and dis-
tions Center by simultaneously requesting or notifying the
patch of potential and actual search and rescue incidents.
outside resource upon initial dispatch of incidents. Automatic
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
aid should be arranged for search and rescue incidents and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
programmed into your CAD (Computer Aided Dispatch)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
system.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.3 “emergency” and/or “lights and siren” response,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
n—an Emergency and/or Lights and Siren response is where an
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
appropriately trained person operates and responds in a vehicle
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
equipped with emergency lights and siren in order to enable a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
more timely response to a scene or other location.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 follow-up report and information, n—critical or valu-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
able supplemental information gathered and reported to re-
sponders after initial dispatch.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5 mutual aid, n—aid given by another agency, case by
case, when requested by a member of a responding agency.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1258 Practice for Emergency Medical Dispatch
3.1.6 SRD, Search and Rescue Dispatcher, n—a dispatcher
who processes calls for potential and actual search and rescue
2.2 Other Documents:
incidents (See Triage and Dispatch for SAR Managers and
Triage and Dispatch for SAR Managers and Telecommuni-
Telecommunications).
cations
U.S. National SAR Plan
4. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard as
it relates to general and specific knowledge, skills, and abilities
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(KSA), for existing dispatchers, 911 operators and telecommu-
nicators to be trained in the processing and dispatching of
potential and actual search and rescue incidents. A person
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and
trained to this guide is a Level I (basic) SAR Dispatcher.
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management and
Operations.
4.2 Every person who is identified as an SAR Dispatcher
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
shall have met the requirements of this guide.
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2662 – 08 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/F2662-08R20.
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
having jurisdiction who wish to identify the minimum training
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on standards for Level I SAR dispatcher.
the ASTM website.
4.4 This guide is only the first level of training for Search
Available from Kovacs, Tim and Mountain Rescue Association, http://
www.mra.org/training/Dispatch_SAR_MRA_05.pdf and Rescue Dispatcher (SRD) personnel, and as such, only
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2662 − 08 (2020)
establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities re- 5.1.12 Ability to operate in “manual mode” (when comput-
quired for a person to perform SAR Dispatch. ers and related aids are inoperable or not available).
5.1.13 Multi-jurisdictional, automatic aid and mutual aid
4.5 Nothing in this guide precludes a user of this guide from
issues.
adding additional requirements for its own members.
5.1.14 Processing, dispatching and prioritizing simultane-
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only
ous and multiple different SAR calls.
an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a
5.1.15 Guidelines for determining responses, including
Level I SRD, but it can be used to develop a training document
emergency lights and siren responses and non-emergency
or program.
responses.
4.7 It is up to the training authority to determine the depth 5.1.16 Guidelines for dispatching SAR resources out of
or detail of training to meet its needs. primary jurisdiction or area of operations.
5.1.17 The need for call monitoring of medical and fire calls
4.8 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with
for latent SAR calls.
the referenced documents to provide the specific information
5.1.18 Needforautomaticandmutualaidandinterfacewith
needed by the user.
law enforcement, EMS (Emergency Medical Dispatch), and
4.9 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other
Fire dispatch agencies for SAR (Search and Rescue) calls.
document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics
5.1.19 Differences between disaster and urban SAR re-
for training an SRD. Likewise, the guide can be used to
sourcesversuscivil(non-militarycombatSAR)SARresources
evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the
under the U.S. National SAR Plan or the country’s equivalent.
re
...

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4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
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1.6.2 Category—Land rescue and land search and rescue.  
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4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to be ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.10 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel to perform safely and effectively.  
4.11 ATV-ROHV Ops E...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who operate ATVs or ROHVs as part of their duties.  
1.2 This guide applies only to ATVs and ROHVs as defined below.  
1.3 An ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.4 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively on ATVs or ROHVs.  
1.5 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individuals operate on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.6 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for SAR personnel to operate ATVs or ROHVs while in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in a mountain or alpine environment.  
1.7 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.  
1.7.1 Further training may be required before ATV-ROHV OPS Endorsed personnel may participate on a particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.8 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified to perform search or rescue. No training in land search, patient evacuation, rope use, or other rescue skills is included in this guide.  
1.8.1 Basic search skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2209.  
1.8.2 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2751.  
1.9 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.10 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel mu...

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ASTM
ASTM F3193-16(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.  
4.3.1 Though this guide establishes the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader, it does not imply that a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an AHJ.  
4.3.2 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.3 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.4 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader or AHJ.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an Land Search and Rescue Team Leader. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who lead land search and rescue teams.  
1.2 Land Search and Rescue Team Leaders direct search and rescue teams on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training required for conducting rescues in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 Personnel trained to this guide alone are qualified to conduct or lead search and rescue operations on non-technical terrain.  
1.5 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to direct rope rescues. No knots, rope work, or high angle or low angle rescue skills are included in this guide.  
1.5.1 The minimum training required for rope rescue can be found in Guides F2752, F2954, and F2955.  
1.5.2 Personnel trained to this standard and having a Rope Rescuer Endorsement (Guides F2752, F2954, F2955) are qualified to supervise rope rescue teams of equal level or lower.  
1.6 A Land Search and Rescue Team Leader can be utilized as a team leader for land search or rescue teams, a single resource, or a support person for a canine search team.  
1.7 Land Search and Rescue Team Leaders are eligible to supervise Land Search, Land Rescue, Land Search and Rescue, and Untrained teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993 for non-wilderness and wilderness operations. In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall have the identified endorsement for the reason identified:  
1.7.1 Mountainous Terrain—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guides F3027 or F3028;  
1.7.2 Alpine Terrain—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall m...

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ASTM F3175-16(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training and Equipping Search and Rescue Personnel Operating on Mountain Bikes (Mountain Bike SAR Endorsement)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training criteria for Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel.  
4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any established protocols of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local, or regional governments.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individual shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that a Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individual is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed member of an agency or organization.  
4.4.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its team member ratings.  
4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 A person meeting the requirements of this guide does not necessarily possess adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel.  
4.7 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training an individual to be Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.10 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, ...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training and equipment requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who operate on mountain bikes.  
1.2 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively on mountain bikes.  
1.3 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.4 Personnel trained to only this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.5 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individuals operate on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.6 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.  
1.6.1 Further training may be required before Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel may participate on a particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.7 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for SAR personnel to operate on mountain bikes while performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountain or alpine environments.  
1.8 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to perform rescue. No training in rope use, high or low angle litter evacuation, or other rescue skills is included in this guide.  
1.8.1 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2751.  
1.9 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel must work under q...

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ASTM F3024-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue (SAR) Strike Team/Task Force Leader

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide, and it may include additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop or as part of a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.4 Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leaders are eligible to be members of Category: Land Search, Category: Land Rescue, Category: Land Search and Rescue, and Category: Untrained, search teams or crews, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.4.1 Category: Land Search teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.1.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.1.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.1.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.1.4 Kind: Alpine;
1.4.1.5 Kind: Tracking;
1.4.1.6 Kind: Mounted;
1.4.1.7 Kind: Mountain Bike;
1.4.1.8 Kind: ATV-ROHV.  
1.4.2 Category: Land Rescue and Category: Land Search and Rescue teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.2.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.2.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.2.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.2.4 Kind: Alpine.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organ...

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ASTM
ASTM F3028-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.4  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only mi...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.  
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...

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