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ASTM D5418-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)

Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the modulus as a function of temperature of plastics using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, as outlined in Practice D 4065. Plots of the elastic (storage), loss (viscous) and complex moduli, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
ICS
83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.10 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5418-01 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4065-20 - Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6382/D6382M-99(2022) - Standard Practice for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Thermogravimetry of Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane Material
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

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ASTM D5418-99 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)ASTM D5418-99 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
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ASTM D5418-99 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5418 – 99 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Plastics
Using a Dual Cantilever Beam
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Mechanical Properties of Plastics
D 4092 Terminology Relating to Dynamic Mechanical
1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic mechanical
Measurements on Plastics
instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic
D 5279 Test Method for Measuring the Dynamic Mechani-
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and com-
cal Properties of Plastics in Torsion
posite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly
or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic
3. Terminology
modulus data generated may be used to identify the thermo-
3.1 For definitions applicable to this practice see Terminol-
mechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.
ogy D 4092.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for
determining the modulus as a function of temperature of
4. Summary of Test Method
plastics using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, as
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the elastic
outlined in Practice D 4065. Plots of the elastic (storage), loss
modulus of plastics using dynamic mechanical techniques. A
(viscous) and complex moduli, and tan delta as a function of
bar of rectangular cross section is tested as a beam in dynamic
frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant
linear displacement or bending. The dual-cantilever beam
transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the poly-
specimen is gripped between two clamps. The specimen of
meric material system.
known geometry is placed in mechanical linear displacement,
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,
with the displacement strain or deformation applied at the
typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
center of the dual-cantilever beam. The forced-strain displace-
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained
ment is at either a fixed frequency, or variable frequencies at
under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differ-
either isothermal condition, or with a linear temperature
ences from results observed in another study can usually be
increase. The elastic or loss modulus, or both, of the polymeric
reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in
material system are measured in flexure.
full (as described in this test method) the conditions under
which the data were obtained.
5. Significance and Use
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of character-
appropriate for use in engineering design.
izing the thermomechanical behavior of plastics materials
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
using a very small amount of material. Since small test
standard.
specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be representative of the material being tested. The data
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
obtained may be used for quality control, research and devel-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
opment, and establishment of optimum processing conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of
frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta
2. Referenced Documents
of a material versus temperature provide graphic representa-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure
D 4065 Practice for Determining and Reporting Dynamic
(thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under
specified conditions.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally The particular method for measurement of the elastic and loss moduli and tan
published as D 5418 – 93. Last previous edition D 5418 – 95a. delta depends upon the individual instrument’s operating principles.
D 5418
5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following: other dimensions can be used but should be clearly identified in
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or the report section.
both,
8. Calibration
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orien- 8.1 Calibrate the instrument according to procedures recom-
tation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemi-
mended by the manufacturer.
cal structure,
9. Conditioning
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure
and damping,
9.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23.0 6
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabri-
2.0°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not fewer than 40 h
cation) on elastic modulus, and
prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 618
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect for those materials requiring conditioning.
processability or performance.
10. Procedure
6. Apparatus
10.1 Use an untested specimen for each measurement.
Measure the width and thickness of the specimen to the nearest
6.1 The function of the apparatus is to hold in a horizontal
0.03 mm at the center of the specimen.
position a dual cantilever beam (a rectangular cross-sectional
10.2 Clamp the test specimen between the movable and
bar) so that the material acts as the elastic and dissipative
stationary members; use shim stock, if necessary, to minimize
element in a mechanically driven linear displacement system.
slippage within the clamp.
Dynamic mechanical instruments operate at a forced, constant
10.3 Pre-load the test specimen so that there is a positi
...

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4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
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1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D5418-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using a very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:  
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,  
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemical structure,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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ASTM D6117-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic Lumber and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The resistance of plastic lumber and shapes to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of the plastic lumber and shapes; the size, shape, and surface condition of the fasteners; the speed of withdrawal; physical changes to plastic lumber and shapes or fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal; orientation of fiber axis; the occurrence and nature of prebored lead holes; and the temperatures during insertion and withdrawal. These factors will be as circumstances dictate, and representative of the normal manufacturing process.  
6.2 By using a standard size and type of nail, staple, or screw, withdrawal resistance of plastic lumber and shapes can be determined. Throughout the method this is referred to as the basic withdrawal test. Similarly, comparative performances of different sizes or types of nail, staple, or screw can be determined by using a standard procedure with a particular plastic lumber and shape, which eliminates the plastic lumber and shapes product as a variable. Since differences in test methods can have considerable influence on results, it is important that a standard procedure be specified and adhered to, if test values are to be related to other test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of fastener use with “as manufactured” plastic lumber and shapes through the use of two different testing procedures.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test  
4 to 13  
Test Method B—Nail, Staple, or Screw Lateral Resistance Test  
14 to 22  
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, these test methods would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7211-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and Intended for General Use

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for finished parts machined from unplasticized polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) homopolymers containing regrind and recycled polymer intended for general commercial use. This specification does not cover parts machined from PCTFE copolymers, PCTFE films or tapes, or modified PCTFE containing pigments or plasticizers. Nor does it cover PCTFE parts used in aerospace applications involving storage and handling of oxygen media, air media, inert media, and certain reactive media (specifically ammonia, gaseous hydrogen, and liquid hydrogen), wherein dimensional stability, high molecular weight, molecular weight retention, and crystallinity control are important considerations. Materials shall be tested on and conform accordingly to the following properties: specific gravity; melting point; deformation under load; zero strength time (ZST); annealing performance; and dimensional stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to be a means of calling out finished machined parts ready for general use.  
1.2 This specification establishes requirements for parts machined from polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) semifinished parts.  
1.3 For aerospace grade, machined PCTFE parts, use Specification D7194.
Note 1: Quick-quenched PCTFE will potentially exhibit dimensional relaxation in the vicinity of Tg = 55°C (131°F).
Note 2: Although no recommendations are made regarding the limiting upper use temperature of PCTFE, the heat deflection temperature of PCTFE as determined by Test Method D648 is 126°C (259°F).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6779-23(Specification)
Standard Classification System for and Basis of Specification for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers polyamide materials suitable for molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for application from solution.  
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This classification system is similar to ISO 16396-1/-2,
although the technical content is significantly different.
Note 2: The materials covered by this classification system include a subset of polyamides defined as polyphthalamides (PPA) as in 3.2.1, some of which are also classified in ASTM D5336. Specifically, groups 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 in this standard are PPA materials. ASTM D5336 gives further details relating to groups 10, 12 and 13.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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