ASTM D4065-20

Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a method for determining elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature, frequency or time, or both. A plot of the elastic modulus and loss modulus of material versus temperature provides a graphical representation of elasticity and damping as a function of temperature or frequency, respectively.  
5.2 This procedure can be used to locate transition temperatures of plastics, that is, changes in the molecular motions of a polymer. In the temperature ranges where significant changes occur, elastic modulus decreases rapidly with increasing temperature (at constant or near constant frequency) or increases with increasing frequency (at constant temperature). A maximum is observed for the loss modulus, as well as for the tan delta curve, in the transition region.  
5.3 This procedure can be used, for example, to evaluate by comparison to known reference materials or control materials:  
5.3.1 Degree of phase separation in multicomponent systems,  
5.3.2 Filler type, amount, pretreatment, and dispersion, and  
5.3.3 Effects of certain processing treatment.  
5.4 This procedure can be used to determine the following:  
5.4.1 Stiffness of polymer composites, especially as a function of temperature,  
5.4.2 Degree of polymer crystallinity, and  
5.4.3 Magnitude of triaxial stress state in the rubber phase of rubber modified polymers.  
5.5 This procedure is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.  
5.6 Procedural modifications in material specifications take precedence to this practice. Therefore, consult the appropriate material specification before using this practice. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and reporting dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory practice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic mechanical analyzers or dynamic thermomechanical analyzers.  
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determining the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration techniques. Plots of elastic and loss moduli are indicative of the viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition regions.  
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a range of temperatures from −140°C to polymer softening and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.  
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa (73 psi to 1.5 × 107 psi).  
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when obtained under differing experimental conditions. Without changing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained will enable apparent differences observed in another study to be reconciled. An assumption of this technique is that testing is conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.  
1.6 Different modes of deformation, such as tensile, bending and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.  
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard t...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2020
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4065 − 20
Standard Practice for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and
1
Report of Procedures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and report-
only.
ing dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory prac-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mechanicalanalyzersordynamicthermomechanicalanalyzers.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determin-
Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
ing the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of
plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by NOTE 1—This practice is equivalent to ISO 6721–1.
free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
techniques.Plotsofelasticandlossmoduliareindicativeofthe
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
regions.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
range of temperatures from−140°C to polymer softening and
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an
als
elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa (73 psi
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
7
to 1.5×10 psi).
Properties
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when ob-
D4440TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
tainedunderdifferingexperimentalconditions.Withoutchang-
erties Melt Rheology
ing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this
D5023TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained
erties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
will enable apparent differences observed in another study to
D5024TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
bereconciled.Anassumptionofthistechniqueisthattestingis
erties: In Compression
conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.
D5026TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
erties: In Tension
1.6 Differentmodesofdeformation,suchastensile,bending
D5279TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.
erties: In Torsion
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and
D5418TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
appropriate for use in engineering design.
erties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
2
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4065-12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4065-20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4065 − 12 D4065 − 20
Standard Practice for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and
1
Report of Procedures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and reporting dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory practice for
determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a variety of
instruments of the type commonly called dynamic mechanical analyzers or dynamic thermomechanical analyzers.
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determining the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of plastics over
a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration techniques. Plots of
elastic and loss moduli are indicative of the viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are functions of temperature or
frequency in plastics, and change rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions of rapid moduli change are
normally referred to as transition regions.
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a range of temperatures from −160°Cfrom −140°C to polymer
degradationsoftening and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.
7
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa (73 psi to 1.5 × 10
psi).
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when obtained under differing experimental conditions. Without changing the
observed data, reporting in full (as described in this practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained will enable
apparent differences observed in another study to be reconciled. An assumption of this technique is that testing is conducted in the
region of linear viscoelastic behavior.
1.6 Different modes of deformation, such as tensile, bending and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this practicestandard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2012September 2020. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as D4065 - 06.D4065 - 12. DOI: 10.1520/D4065-12.10.1520/D4065-20.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4065 − 20
NOTE 1—This practice is equivalent to ISO 6721–1.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
D4440 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties Melt Rheology
D5023 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
D5024 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Compression
D5026 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension
D52
...