ASTM A939/A939M-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection from the bore surface is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes in which the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities or a combination thereof, which leads to ultrasonic indications.
3.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order requirements.
3.3 This practice requires pitch-catch search unit with twin transducers, which depending on the angle, are sensitive only to 2 to 3 in. [50 to 75 mm] into the metal from the bore surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore surface.
1.2 This practice applies to the manual testing mode. It does not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized or automated.
1.3 This practice applies to cylindrical forgings having bore sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. [64 mm].
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, the inch-pound units shall apply unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units). The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A939/A939M − 12
StandardPractice for
Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical
1
Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA939/A939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of
discontinuities or a combination thereof, which leads to ultra-
1.1 This practice covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically
sonic indications.
inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore
surface.
3.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order
requirements.
1.2 This practice applies to the manual testing mode. It does
not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized
3.3 This practice requires pitch-catch search unit with twin
or automated.
transducers, which depending on the angle, are sensitive only
1.3 This practice applies to cylindrical forgings having bore
to 2 to 3 in. [50 to 75 mm] into the metal from the bore surface.
sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. [64 mm].
4. General Requirements
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units;
however, the inch-pound units shall apply unless the purchase
4.1 As far as possible, the entire bore surface shall be
order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification
subjected to ultrasonic inspection. It may be impossible to
designation (SI units). The values stated in either SI units or
inspect some small portions of the bore surface because of
inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
chamfers at step-downs and other local configurations.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. 4.2 The bore ultrasonic inspection shall be performed after
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- the final austenitizing and tempering heat treatment for me-
conformance with the standard.
chanical properties of the forging, and may be performed either
prior to or after any subsequent stress relieving heat treatment.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 The ultrasonic beam shall be introduced radially for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
overall scanning.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.4 Forgings may be tested either when stationary or while
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rotated by means of a lathe or rollers.
2. Referenced Documents
4.5 To ensure complete coverage of the bore surface, the
2
2.1 ASNT Standard:
search unit shall be indexed approximately 75 % of the
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Non-destructive
transducer width with each pass of the search unit.
Personnel Qualifications and Certification
1
4.6 A frequency of 2.0 or 2 ⁄4 MHz shall be used unless
3. Significance and Use
additional transducer frequencies are specified by the pur-
chaser.
3.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection
from the bore surface is required by the order or specification
4.7 The bore hole diameter and calibration hole(s) shall be
for inspection purposes in which the acceptance of the forging
as specified on the purchaser’s drawing or order.
1
5. Personnel
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1 Personnel performing ultrasonic examination to this
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
practice shall be qualified and certified in accordance with a
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A939 – 07 (2012).
written procedure conforming to SNT-TC-1A or another na-
DOI: 10.1520/A0939_A0939M-12.
2 tional standard that is acceptable to both the purchaser and the
Available fromAmerican Society for NondestructiveTesting (ASNT), P.O. Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org. supplier.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A939/A939M − 12
6. Pulsed Ultrasonic Reflection Equipment and 7.2 Bore surfaces should be honed for bore diameter uni-
Accessories formity to maintain a near constant energy transmission from
the transducer into the forging.
6.1 Electronic Apparatus—A pulse echo instrument permit-
ting inspe
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A939 − 07 (Reapproved 2012) A939/A939M − 12
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical
1
Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A939;A939/A939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore surface.
1.2 This practice applies to the manual testing mode. It does not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized or
automated.
1.3 This practice applies to cylindrical forgings having bore sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. (63.5 mm).[64 mm].
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, the inch-pound units shall apply unless the purchase order
or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units). The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are
provided for information only and are not considered stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASNT Standard:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Non-destructive Personnel Qualifications and Certification
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection from the bore surface is required by the order or specification for
inspection purposes in which the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of
discontinuities or a combination thereof, which leads to ultrasonic indications.
3.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order requirements.
3.3 This practice specifies dual search units, requires pitch-catch search unit with twin transducers, which depending on the
angle, are sensitive only to 2 to 3 in. [50 to 75 mm] into the metal from the bore surface.
4. General Requirements
4.1 As far as possible, the entire bore surface shall be subjected to ultrasonic inspection. It may be impossible to inspect some
small portions of the bore surface because of chamfers at stepdownsstep-downs and other local configurations.
4.2 The bore ultrasonic inspection shall be performed after the final austenitizing and tempering heat treatment for mechanical
properties of the forging, and may be performed either prior to or after any subsequent stress relieving heat treatment.
4.3 The ultrasonic beam shall be introduced radially for overall scanning.
4.4 Forgings may be tested either when stationary or while rotated by means of a lathe or rollers.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2012. Published May 2012November 2012. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
A939 – 07.A939 – 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/A0939-07R12.10.1520/A0939_A0939M-12.
2
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A939/A939M − 12
4.5 To ensure complete coverage of the bore surface, the search unit shall be indexed approximately 75 % of the transducer
width with each pass of the search unit.
1
4.6 A frequency of 2.0 or 2 ⁄4 MHz shall be used unless additional transducer frequencies are specified by the purchaser.
4.7 The bore hole diameter and calibration hole(s) shall be as specified on the purchaser’s drawing or order.
5.
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.