ASTM A939/A939M-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection from the bore surface is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes in which the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities or a combination thereof, which leads to ultrasonic indications.
3.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order requirements.
3.3 This practice requires pitch-catch search unit with twin transducers, which depending on the angle, are sensitive only to 2 to 3 in. [50 to 75 mm] into the metal from the bore surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore surface.
1.2 This practice applies to the manual testing mode. It does not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized or automated.
1.3 This practice applies to cylindrical forgings having bore sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. [64 mm].
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, the inch-pound units shall apply unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units). The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A939/A939M − 15
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical
1
Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA939/A939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically
3.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection
inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore
from the bore surface is required by the order or specification
surface.
for inspection purposes in which the acceptance of the forging
is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of
1.2 This practice applies to the manual testing mode. It does
discontinuities or a combination thereof, which leads to ultra-
not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized
sonic indications.
or automated.
3.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order
1.3 This practice applies to cylindrical forgings having bore
requirements.
sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. [64 mm].
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; 3.3 This practice requires pitch-catch search unit with twin
however, the inch-pound units shall apply unless the purchase
transducers, which depending on the angle, are sensitive only
order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification to 2 to 3 in. [50 to 75 mm] into the metal from the bore surface.
designation (SI units). The values stated in either SI units or
inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The
4. General Requirements
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
4.1 As far as possible, the entire bore surface shall be
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
subjected to ultrasonic inspection. It may be impossible to
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
inspect some small portions of the bore surface because of
conformance with the standard.
chamfers at step-downs and other local configurations.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The bore ultrasonic inspection shall be performed after
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the final austenitizing and tempering heat treatment for me-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chanical properties of the forging, and may be performed either
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
prior to or after any subsequent stress relieving heat treatment.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 The ultrasonic beam shall be introduced radially for
2. Referenced Documents
overall scanning.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.4 Forgings may be tested either when stationary or while
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
rotated by means of a lathe or rollers.
quirements
3
2.2 ASNT Standard:
4.5 To ensure complete coverage of the bore surface, the
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Non-destructive
search unit shall be indexed approximately 75 % of the
Personnel Qualifications and Certification
transducer width with each pass of the search unit.
1
4.6 A frequency of 2.0 or 2 ⁄4 MHz shall be used unless
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
additional transducer frequencies are specified by the pur-
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
chaser.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A939/A939M – 12. 4.7 The bore hole diameter and calibration hole(s) shall be
DOI: 10.1520/A0939_A0939M-15.
as specified on the purchaser’s drawing or order.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Personnel
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 5.1 Personnel performing ultrasonic examination to this
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org. practice shall be qualified and certified in accordance with a
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A939/A939M − 15
written procedure conforming to SNT-TC-1A or another na- [1.08 µm] or better. The defin
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A939/A939M − 12 A939/A939M − 15
Standard Practice for
Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical
1
Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A939/A939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a basic procedure of ultrasonically inspecting cylindrical forgings with bores from the bore surface.
1.2 This practice applies to the manual testing mode. It does not restrict the use of other testing modes, such as mechanized or
automated.
1.3 This practice applies to cylindrical forgings having bore sizes equal to or greater than 2.5 in. [64 mm].
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, the inch-pound units shall apply unless the purchase order
or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units). The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
3
2.2 ASNT Standard:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Non-destructive Personnel Qualifications and Certification
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection from the bore surface is required by the order or specification for
inspection purposes in which the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of
discontinuities or a combination thereof, which leads to ultrasonic indications.
3.2 The acceptance criteria shall be stated clearly as order requirements.
3.3 This practice requires pitch-catch search unit with twin transducers, which depending on the angle, are sensitive only to 2
to 3 in. [50 to 75 mm] into the metal from the bore surface.
4. General Requirements
4.1 As far as possible, the entire bore surface shall be subjected to ultrasonic inspection. It may be impossible to inspect some
small portions of the bore surface because of chamfers at step-downs and other local configurations.
4.2 The bore ultrasonic inspection shall be performed after the final austenitizing and tempering heat treatment for mechanical
properties of the forging, and may be performed either prior to or after any subsequent stress relieving heat treatment.
4.3 The ultrasonic beam shall be introduced radially for overall scanning.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012May 1, 2015. Published November 2012May 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
A939 – 07 (2012).A939/A939M – 12. DOI: 10.1520/A0939_A0939M-12.10.1520/A0939_A0939M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A939/A939M − 15
4.4 Forgings may be tested either when stationary or while rotated by means of a lathe or rollers.
4.5 To ensure complete coverage of the bore surface, the search unit shall be indexed approximately 75 % of the transducer
width with each pass of the search unit.
1
4.6 A frequency of 2.0 or 2 ⁄4 MHz shall be used unless additional transducer frequenci
...
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