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ASTM D5884-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2003
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5884-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5884-04a - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7465/D7465M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In Geomembrane Applications
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004

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ASTM D5884-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced GeomembranesASTM D5884-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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ASTM D5884-04 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5884 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
1
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required
either to start or to continue or propagate a tear in a fabric
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter-
under specified conditions. (See Terminology D 4439 and Test
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally
Method D 4533.)
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
information only.
and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
2. Referenced Documents
2
as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
D 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of
to service value. This test method measures the force required
Geotextiles
to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
3. Terminology course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ment used within a geomembrane.
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
temperature of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F). (See Terminology
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
D 4439.)
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
in reported test results when using this test method for
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
Terminology D 4439.)
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally
there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
reinforced with a textile.
6. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the speci-
branes.
men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5884–01. movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specified in the material specification, the machine shall be
contact Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Stan-
adjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed
dardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the
of 50 6 2 mm/min (2 6 0.1 in./min).
ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5884–04
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for hold-
ing a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have
metallic gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel
as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving
between the gripping surfaces when held under the pressure
normal to operation. The dimension of all
...

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ASTM D5884/D5884M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
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1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
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1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D7747/D7747M-11(2023)(Test Method)
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
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1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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