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ASTM D2303-97(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 2013)

Standard Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 2013)

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the relative tracking and erosion resistance of insulating solids using the liquid-contaminant, inclined-plane test. The following test methods also can be used to evaluate the tracking resistance of materials: D 2132 (contaminants: dust and fog) and D 3638 (contaminant: conductive liquid drops).
1.2 Two tracking and one erosion test procedure are described:
1.2.1 A "variable voltage method" to evaluate resistance to tracking.
1.2.2 A "time-to-track method" to evaluate resistance to tracking.
1.2.3 A method for quantitative determination of erosion ().
1.3 While a particular contaminant solution is specified, other concentrations of the same contaminant, or different contaminants may be used to simulate different environmental or service conditions.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the evaluation of the relative tracking and erosion resistance of insulating solids using the liquid-contaminant, inclined-plane test.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials, this practice was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
29-Feb-2004
Withdrawal Date
31-Dec-2012
ICS
29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.12 - Electrical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2303-97 - Standard Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D709-17 - Standard Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D2132-23 - Standard Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3032-21a - Standard Test Methods for Hookup Wire Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D229-19e1 - Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D495-22 - Standard Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1711-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004

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ASTM D2303-97(2004) - Standard Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 2013)ASTM D2303-97(2004) - Standard Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
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ASTM D2303-97(2004) - Standard Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2303 − 97(Reapproved 2004) An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2303; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the relative 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tracking and erosion resistance of insulating solids using the D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
2
liquid-contaminant, inclined-plane test. The following test lation
methods also can be used to evaluate the tracking resistance of D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
materials: D2132 (contaminants: dust and fog) and D3638 D2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion
(contaminant: conductive liquid drops). Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
D3638 Test Method for Comparative Tracking Index of
1.2 Two tracking and one erosion test procedure are de-
Electrical Insulating Materials
scribed:
1.2.1 A “variable voltage method” to evaluate resistance to
3. Terminology
tracking.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2.2 A “time-to-track method” to evaluate resistance to
3.1.1 erosion, electrical, n—the progressive wearing away
tracking.
of electrical insulation by the action of electrical discharges.
1.2.3 A method for quantitative determination of erosion
3.1.2 erosion resistance, electrical, n— the quantitative
(Annex A1).
expression of the amount of electrical erosion under specific
1.3 While a particular contaminant solution is specified,
conditions.
other concentrations of the same contaminant, or different
3.1.3 track, n—a partially conducting path of localized
contaminants may be used to simulate different environmental
deterioration on the surface of an insulating material.
or service conditions.
3.1.4 tracking, n—the process that produces tracks as a
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
result of the action of electric discharges on or close to the
as the standard.
insulation surface.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 tracking, contamination, n—tracking caused by scin-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tillations that result from the increased surface conduction due
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to contamination.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.6 tracking resistance, n—the quantitative expression of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 8. the voltage and the time required to develop a track under
specified conditions.
1 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
3.2.1 initial tracking voltage, n—the applied voltage at
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
which continuous tracking can be initiated in a specified time.
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published March 1. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D2303 – 97. DOI:
3
10.1520/D2303-97R04. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
K. N. Mathes, Chapter 4, “Surface Failure Measurements,” Engineering contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Dielectrics, Vol IIB, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials, Measure- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ment Techniques, R. Bartnikas, Editor,ASTM STP926,ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2303 − 97 (2004)
3.2.2 time-to-track, n—the time in which tracking proceeds 4.6 Very track-resistant materials, such as polymethylmeth-
a specified distance between the test electrodes at a specified acrylate, may erode rather than track under more usual con-
voltage. taminant conditions in service. The use of this method for
measuring erosion is consequently important. For erosion
3.3 Other definitions pertinent to these test methods are
studies, only tests as a function of time at constant voltage are
given in Terminology D1711.
useful.
4. Significance and Use
5. Apparatus
4.1 These test methods differ
...

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6.1 Method—It is possible that electrical insulation in service will fail as a result of tracking, erosion, or a combination of both, if exposed to high relative humidity and contamination environments. This is particularly true of organic insulations in outdoor applications where the surface of the insulation becomes contaminated by deposits of moisture and dirt, for example, coal dust or salt spray. This test method is an accelerated test that simulates extremely severe outdoor contamination. It is believed that the most severe conditions likely to be encountered in outdoor service in the United States will be relatively mild compared to the conditions specified in this test method.  
6.2 Test Results—Materials can be classified by this test method as tracking-resistant, tracking-affected, or tracking-susceptible. The exact test values for these categories as they apply to specific uses will be specified in the appropriate material specifications, but guideline figures are suggested in Note 4. Tracking-resistant materials, unless erosion failure occurs first, have the potential to last many hundreds of hours (Note 5). Erosion, though it is possible that it will progress laterally, generally results in a failure perpendicular to the specimen surface. Therefore, compare only specimens of the same nominal thickness for resistance to tracking-induced erosion. Estimate the extent of erosion from measurements of the depth of penetration of the erosion. Place materials that are not tracking-susceptible in three broad categories—erosion-resistant, erosion-affected, and erosion-susceptible. When the standard thickness specimen is tested, the following times to failure typify the categories (Note 6):    
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1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test Methods D2302, D2303, D3638, and D5288 are also useful to evaluate materials.  
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5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the adjacent insulation material.  
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Note 1: Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) using either test method are technically similar. Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.  
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4.1 Ovens used for thermal evaluation of insulating materials are to be capable of maintaining uniform conditions of temperature and air circulation over the extended periods of time that are required for conducting these tests. Specification D5423 specifies the permissible variations from absolute uniformity that have been accepted internationally for these ovens. These test methods include procedures for measuring these variations and other specified characteristics of the ovens.
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1.6 Revisions and additions to those definitions in this terminology standard which originate in a specific standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 are to be made as a product of a collaborative effort between Subcommittee D09.94 and the corresponding technical subcommittee of Committee D09, with Subcommittee D09.94 providing editorial advice to the technical subcommittees.  
1.7 Each definition in this terminology standard shall be accompanied by the year in which it was first incorporated into the standard, placed at the end in parentheses. All discussions shall also carry a date; it is possible that the discussion date is different from the definition date.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Pressboard for Electrical Insulating Purposes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers pressboard for electrical insulating purposes as well as for dielectrical or structural purposes in transformers and other electrical apparatus. Pressboards under this specification are of three types: Type 1 consists of high-purity (Grade 1.1) calendered pressboards, while Type 2 consists of normal-purity (Grades 2.1.1, 2.2.1, 2.3.1, and 2.3.2) calendered pressboards. Precompressed pressboards (Grades 3.1.1, 3.2.1, and 3.3) fall under Type 3. Not included in this specification, however, are pressboards comprised of two or more sheets laminated together using an adhesive. Pressboards shall be manufactured from unbleached kraft pulp, cotton pulp, or a combination of both, and shall conform to the thickness, density, surface texture (smooth calendered surface for Types1 and 2, and fine-textured finish for Type 3), and color (from tan to blue-gray, depending on the pressboard's grade) requirements specified. The pressboard must also be free of dirt, metal particles, and other foreign material. Tests for apparent density, thickness, moisture and ash content, aqueous extract conductivity, chloride content, tensile strength, pH of aqueous extract, dielectric strength in air and in oil, shrinkage, and compressibility shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers pressboard for electrical insulating purposes, manufactured from kraft, cotton, or kraft and cotton pulps. This board is intended for dielectrical or structural purposes in transformers and other electrical apparatus.  
1.2 Electrical insulating boards are most commonly referred to (and will be referred to herein) as pressboard. Other terms used for pressboard include transformer board, fuller board, and presspan.  
1.3 This specification covers pressboard having a nominal thickness of 0.030 to 0.315 in. (0.8 to 8.0 mm). For thinner material refer to Specification D1305.  
1.4 The maximum thickness available will differ with the type and the manufacturer. The maximum sheet size will differ with the thickness, type, and manufacturer.  
1.5 Pressboard shall normally be plied wet without pasting. Unless specified by the purchaser, this specification does not include pressboard comprised of two or more sheets that have been laminated together using an adhesive.
Note 1: The materials described in this specification are similar to corresponding types of pressboard described in IEC Specification 641-3, Sheet 1, Types B.0.1, B.2.1, B.2.3, B.3.1, and B.3.3.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3394-16(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
19.1 Apparent density affects the dielectric and physical characteristics of insulating board and is a factor in the economics of its use in apparatus. This test is useful for specification, design, and quality control purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, usually fibrous sheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in electrical apparatus.  
1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulcanized fibre or molded laminated sheets.  
1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm).  
Note 1: For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test Methods D202.  
1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:    
Sections  
ASTM Method
Reference  
Apparent Density  
18 – 23  
Aqueous Extract Characteristics  
36 – 42  
D202  
Ash Content  
43 – 46  
T 413  
Compatibility with Dielectric
Liquids  
47 – 52  
D664, D877, D924,
D971, D974, D1169,
D1500, D1816,
D3455, D3487  
Compressibility  
79 – 85  
Conditioning  
11  
D685  
Degree of Polymerization  
86 – 89  
D4243  
Dielectric Strength in Air  
53 – 59  
D149  
Dielectric Strength in Oil  
60 – 65  
D149, D2413, D3426  
Dimensions of Sheets  
12 – 17  
Moisture Content  
31 – 35  
D644  
Oil Absorption  
72 – 78  
Reports  
10  
Sampling  
6 – 9  
D3636  
Shrinkage  
24 – 30  
D644  
Tensile Properties  
66 – 71  
D202  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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