ASTM D4445-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions.
Note 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:
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Designation: D4445 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D9Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
ucts
1.1 This(laboratory)testmethodisusedfordeterminingthe
D1165Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of
woods
fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under
optimum laboratory conditions.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are
discussed in the following order:
4. Summary of Test Method
Section
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by
Summary of Test Method 4
spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of
Apparatus 6
Reagents 7 a fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration
Wood 8
levels.Thespecimensareexposedtosapstainfungiandmolds.
Test Fungi 9
Options for testing the toxicity of fungicides include testing
Culture Media 10
Preparation of Inoculum 11 against individual fungi or against several fungi by using a
Preparation of Test Chambers 12
mixed spore suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.
Treatment of Samples 13
Inoculation and Incubation 14
4.2 Theintensityofsurfacefungalgrowthisestimatedafter
Evaluation of the Test 15
incubation and the results used to determine the minimum
Report 16
chemical treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
evaluation.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet),maintainedat
a temperature of 25 6 1°C, and relative humidity between 70
2. Referenced Documents
and 80%.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
6.3 Containers:
6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum size of 140
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood
(diameter) by 20 mm (height) with lid or,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood
Products.
6.3.2 Aluminum Pans,withminimumsizeof240by100by
Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally
20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4445–09a. DOI:
10.1520/D4445-10.
6.4 Spacers:
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.4.1 U-Shaped Glass Rod, with 3 mm diameter or,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.4.2 Polyethylene Mesh, cut to cover the bottom of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. selected container(s).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4445 − 10
7. Reagents 9.2.2.2 Cephaloascus fragrans Hanawa (ATCC 12091).
9.2.2.3 Gliocladium roseum (Link) Bainier (ATCC 10521).
7.1 Purity of Water—Referencetowatershallbeunderstood
to mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV of 9.3 General Consideration—In addition to the above fungi,
Specification D1193. others that are known to cause discoloration on wood species
used in test include, for example, Cytospora sp. (Pine);
8. Wood
Phialophora sp.; Graphium sp.; Ceratocystis sp.; Alternaria
sp.; Penicillium sp.; Aspergillis sp.; Trichoderma sp.
8.1 GeneralProperties—Thewoodspeciestobetestedshall
be selected on the basis of their susceptibility to staining fungi
10. Culture Media
(pine or spruce species are preferred). Sapwood of the selected
10.1 Agar Substrate—For both stock culture tube and petri
wood species, unseasoned (moisture
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4445–09a Designation:D4445–10
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This(laboratory)testmethodisusedfordeterminingtheminimumconcentrationoffungicide,orformulationoffungicides,
that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory
conditions.
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:
Section
Summary of Test Method 4
Apparatus 6
Reagents 7
Wood 8
Test Fungi 9
Culture Media 10
Preparation of Inoculum 11
Preparation of Test Chambers 12
Treatment of Samples 13
Inoculation and Incubation 14
Evaluation of the Test 15
Report 16
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD07onWoodandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD07.06onTreatmentsforWoodProducts.
Current edition approved Nov.March 1, 2009.2010. Published December 2009.March 2010. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
D4445–09a. DOI: 10.1520/D4445-09A.10.1520/D4445-10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4445–10
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of a
fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration levels. The specimens are exposed to sapstain fungi and molds.
Optionsfortestingthetoxicityoffungicidesincludetestingagainstindividualfungioragainstseveralfungibyusingamixedspore
suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.
4.2 Theintensityofsurfacefungalgrowthisestimatedafterincubationandtheresultsusedtodeterminetheminimumchemical
treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
evaluation.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet), maintained at a temperature of 25 6 1°C, and relative humidity between 70 and
80%.
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
6.3 Containers:
6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum size of 150140 (diameter) by 2520 mm (height) with lid or,
6.3.2 Aluminum Pans, with minimum size of 240 by 100 by 20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
6.4 Spacers:
6.4.1 U-Shaped Glass Rod, with 3 mm diameter or,
6.4.2 Polyethylene Mesh, cut to cover the bottom of the selected container(s).
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Water—Reference to water shall be understood to mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV of
Specification D1193.
8. Wood
8.1 General Properties—The wood species to be tested shall be selected on the basis of their susceptibility to staining fungi
(pineorsprucespeciesarepreferred).Sapwoodoftheselectedwoodspecies,unseasoned(moisturecontenthigherthan40%),free
ofknots,visibledecay,sapstain,andmold,shallbeused(Note2).Ifthefungicideistobeusedtoprotecthardwood,theinclusion
of sapwood from a hardwood species is recommended.
NOTE 2—If wood for the test is collected in a sawmill where logs are stored in water, it is necessary to collect lumber from at least three different logs
sincedepletionofnutrientsduringwaterstoragemaystronglyaffectthegrowthofmoldsandstai
...
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