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ASTM E1010-84(2000)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparation of Disk Specimens of Steel and Iron for Spectrochemical Analysis by Remelting

Standard Practice for Preparation of Disk Specimens of Steel and Iron for Spectrochemical Analysis by Remelting

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the preparation of disk specimens of steel and iron by melting chunks, chips, drillings, turnings, wire, or powder briquets with an electric arc in an argon atmosphere. Solidification of the specimen takes place in the crucible in an argon atmosphere. The disk obtained is suitable for quantitative spectrochemical analysis.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 6.2.1, and Section 8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1999
ICS
77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1010-84(2004) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Disk Specimens of Steel and Iron for Spectrochemical Analysis by Remelting
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1306-22 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Metal and Alloy Samples by Electric Arc Melting for Spectrochemical Analysis
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000

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ASTM E1010-84(2000) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Disk Specimens of Steel and Iron for Spectrochemical Analysis by RemeltingASTM E1010-84(2000) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Disk Specimens of Steel and Iron for Spectrochemical Analysis by Remelting
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ASTM E1010-84(2000) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Disk Specimens of Steel and Iron for Spectrochemical Analysis by Remelting
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1010–84 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Disk Specimens of Steel and Iron for
Spectrochemical Analysis by Remelting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1010; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope carefully followed, will provide consistent losses. Elemental
losses can be determined by correlating the analysis of the
1.1 This practice describes the preparation of disk speci-
charge material with the spectrochemical analysis of the
mens of steel and iron by melting chunks, chips, drillings,
remelted specimen.
turnings, wire, or powder briquets with an electric arc in an
argon atmosphere. Solidification of the specimen takes place in
5. Significance and Use
the crucible in an argon atmosphere. The disk obtained is
5.1 Most spectrochemical instruments employed for analyz-
suitable for quantitative spectrochemical analysis.
ing steel and iron require a solid specimen with a flat surface
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
large enough for analytical excitation and measurement proce-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dures. This practice describes a procedure for converting
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
unusual types of steel and iron samples to satisfactory spec-
priate safety and health practices, and determine the applica-
trochemical specimens.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in 6.2.1, and Section 8.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents 6.1 Melting Furnace, consisting of a chamber that
contains the following:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1.1 Crucible, of copper and water-cooled, in which
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
2 samples of steel or iron are melted, then solidified to form
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
specimens for spectrochemical analysis.
E 876 Practice for Use of Statistics in the Evaluation of
2 6.1.2 Electrode Holder, water-cooled and of negative polar-
Spectrometric Data
ity, that can be moved up and down easily, and may have
3. Terminology provisions for circular motion and adjusting the arc gap to a
fixed spacing.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this procedure, refer to
6.1.3 Viewing Window, compared of dark welding-type
Terminology E 135.
glass with an inner-protective glass that is impervious to heat
4. Summary of Practice
and splatter from the molten metal.
6.2 D-C Electric Power Generator, to supply electric cur-
4.1 The sample of steel or iron is placed in a water-cooled
rent and voltage equivalent to that required for electric arc
copper crucible. The furnace is flushed with argon at a
welding. It may be a rotating d-c generator or a static rectifier
controlled rate of flow. An arc is struck between the electrode
with provisions to adjust the current in the 0 to 600 A range.
and the sample material and is maintained until the melting is
6.2.1 Caution—A safety interlock shall be provided to
complete. The molten specimen is allowed to solidify in the
prevent electrical shocks to the operator when the melting
crucible in an argon atmosphere. After solidification, the
furnace is open.
specimen is removed from the crucible and prepared for
6.3 Vacuum Pump, with free air capacity of 50 L/min and
spectrochemical analysis.
vacuum of 350 µm, minimum.
4.2 Partial losses of some elements may be experienced
during the preparation of the disk specimen. This procedure, if
7. Materials
7.1 Inert Gas, argon of 99.96 % purity.
7.2 Electrode, thoriated tungsten or high-purity graphite.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-1 on Analytical
Chemistry for Metals, Ores and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved July 27, 1984. Published September 1984. Melting furnaces, manufactured by Hankison Corp., Cannonsburg, PA 15317
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06. and Zeebac Inc., Berea, OH 44017, have been found suitable for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1010
TABLE 1 Precision for Remelts of Low-Alloy Steels
8. Safety Precautions
Relative
8.1 Operating personnel should adhere to the manufactur-
Average Standard
Average Standard
Number of Analysis of Deviation
er’s operating recommendations to avoid electrical shock and
Element Analysis of Deviation
Specimens Original Between
Remelts, % Between
physical harm due to light and heat. See 6.2.1 and 10.1.2.1 for
Metal, % Remelts, %
Remelts, %
specific precautions.
Si 6 0.283 0.277 0.010 3.61
6 0.147 0.140 0.0063 4.50
9. Preparation of Samples
6 0.010 0.010 0.0010 10.00
9.1 Remove grease from samples and dry before melting.
6 0.098 0.097 0.0042 4.33
Mn 6 1.00 0.96 0.037 3.85
Remove other surface contaminates by suitable methods. For
6 0.95 0.95 0.055 5.79
consistent melting, fine powders, chips, drillings, turnings, or
6 0.074 0.076 0.0020 2.63
wire may be compacted in a briquetting press with 35-mm die
6 0.35 0.35 0.012 3.43
Cr 6 0.080 0.080 0.0070 8.75
at a pressure of 2800 kgf/mm .
6 0.044 0.046 0.0023 5.00
6 0.004 0.003 0.0004 13.33
10. Preparation of Specimens
6 0.491 0.486 0.0164 3.37
Mo 6 0.022 0.021 0.0012 5.71
10.1 Place 40 to 50 g of sample in the crucible. Close the
6 0.006 0.006 0.00052 8.67
furnace. The melting of the sample and solidification of the
6 0.015 0.011 0.00063 5.73
specimen may vary slightly depending on the design of the
6 0.153 0.155 0.0105 6.77
Ni 6 0.033 0.038 0.024 63.16
furnace and the type of metal being prepared. Two suggested
6 0.020 0.016 0.0017 10.62
procedures are as follows:
6 0.402 0.403 0.0082 2.03
10.1.1 Procedure A—The following steps are programmed 6 0.075 0.078 0.0022 2.82
Cu 6 0.029 0.033 0.0019 5.76
automatically after pressing the start button: ( 1) Flushing of
5 0.015 0.022 0.0068 30.91
the crucible with argon for 30 s, ( 2) Igniting the arc, (3)
6 0.32 0.32 0.0098 3.06
Melting with the arc for 20 to 45 s, (4) Reduction of arc current
6 0.021 0.031 0.0081 26.13
V6 0.036 0.035 0.0015 4.29
from 500 to 250A. (5) Cooling the specimen in the crucible in
6 0.012 0.015 0.00041 2.73
inert gas for approximately 2 min, and (6) Indication by light
Ti 6 0.032 0.021 0.0037 17.62
and buzzer that the melt cycle is completed.When the program 6 0.002 0.002 0.0000 0.00
6 0.083 0.066 0.0056 8.48
is completed, open the furnace and remove the hot specimen
Al 6 0.022 0.024 0.0025 10.42
with magnet or forceps.
6 0.004 0.003 0.0000 0.00
10.1.2 Procedure B—Evacuate the crucible to a pressure of 6 0.111 0.114 0.00948 8.32
6 0.038 0.040 0.003
...

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ASTM E350-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.001 to 1.50  
Antimony  
0.002 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.0005 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.005 to 0.50  
Boron  
0.0005 to 0.02  
Calcium  
0.0005 to 0.01  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Chromium  
0.005 to 3.99  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 0.30  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.002 to 0.20  
Copper  
0.005 to 1.50  
Lanthanum  
0.001 to 0.30  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.002 to 1.50  
Nickel  
0.005 to 5.00  
Nitrogen  
0.0005 to 0.04  
Oxygen  
0.0001 to 0.03  
Phosphorus  
0.001 to 0.25  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.001 to 5.00  
Sulfur  
0.001 to 0.60  
Tin  
0.002 to 0.10  
Titanium  
0.002 to 0.60  
Tungsten  
0.005 to 0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zirconium  
0.005 to 0.15  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric
Method (0.20 % to 1.5 %)  
124–131  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
76–86  
Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.005 % to 0.20 %)  
308–317  
Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %)  
142–151  
Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %)  
298–307  
Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.0003 % to 0.006 %)  
208–219  
Calcium by the Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.0005 % to 0.010 %)  
289–297  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method
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Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.003 % to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 % to 0.30 %
Lanthanum)  
249–257  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
220–229  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration
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230–238  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 0.30 %)  
53–62  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric
Titration Method (Discontinued 1989)  
87–94  
Copper by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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279–288  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric
Method (0.005 % to 1.50 %)  
114–123  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method
(0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
132–141  
Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.005 % to 2.0 %)  
269–278  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 2.5 %)  
9–18  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric
Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
164–171  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
152–163  
Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.003 % to 0.5 %)  
318–327  
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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Carbon  
0.03 to 2.50  
Chromium  
0.10 to 14.0  
Cobalt  
0.10 to 14.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 2.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.01  
Manganese  
0.10 to 15.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 10.00  
Nickel  
0.02 to 4.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001 to 0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002 to 0.05  
Silicon  
0.10 to 2.50  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.40  
Tungsten  
0.01 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.02 to 5.50  
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Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986  
125–135  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 2012  
78–88  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
174–183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
Oxidation—Titration Method  
(0.10 % to 14.00 %)  
184–192  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
117–124  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method  
(2 % to 14 %)  
52–59  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
60–69  
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)  
89–98  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)  
70–77  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.001 % to 0.01 %)  
99–108  
Manganese by the Periodate
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
203–210  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method  
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Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
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144–151  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  
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136–143  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method  
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19–29  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  
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Sulfur by the Gravimetric
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29–35  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
Titration Method—Discontinued 2012  
36–44  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
109–116  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction—
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152–161  
Vanadium by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
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193–202  
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Element  
Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.05 to 0.30  
Beryllium  
97.5 to 100    
Beryllium Oxide  
0.3 to 3    
Carbon  
0.05 to 0.30  
Copper  
0.005 to 0.10  
Chromium  
0.005 to 0.10  
Iron  
0.05 to 0.30  
Magnesium  
0.02 to 0.15  
Nickel  
0.005 to 0.10  
Silicon  
0.02 to 0.15  
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10 – 19  
Iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.05 % to 0.25 %]  
20 – 29  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.008 % to 0.04 %]  
30 – 39  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.04 %]  
40 – 49  
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5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 This test method describes the determination of beryllium in copper-beryllium alloys in percentages from 0.1 % to 3.0 % by phosphate gravimetry.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Chromium and Ferrochromium

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of chromium and ferrochromium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, %  
Aluminum  
0.25 max  
Antimony  
0.005 max  
Arsenic  
0.005 max  
Bismuth  
0.005 max  
Boron  
0.005 max  
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9.00 max  
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0.10 max  
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0.05 max  
Copper  
0.05 max  
Lead  
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0.05 max  
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0.50 max  
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6.00 max  
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12.00 max  
Silver  
0.005 max  
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0.07 max  
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0.05 max  
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0.005 max  
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0.50 max  
Vanadium  
0.50 max  
Zinc  
0.005 max  
Zirconium  
0.05 max  
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Sections  
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10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
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21 – 31  
Chromium by the Sodium Peroxide Fusion-Titrimetric Test Method
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1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.  
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ASTM E55-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding. The portion selection, sample preparation, sampling details, sample size and storage, and resampling are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.  
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.  
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.  
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E255-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended primarily for the sampling of copper and copper alloys for compliance with compositional specification requirements.  
4.2 The selection of correct test pieces and the preparation of a representative sample from such test pieces are necessary prerequisites to every analysis. The analytical results will be of little value unless the sample represents the average composition of the material from which it was prepared.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the sampling of copper (except electrolytic cathode) and copper alloys in either cast or wrought form for the determination of composition.  
1.2 Cast products may be in the form of cake, billet, wire bar, ingot, ingot bar, or casting.  
1.3 Wrought products may be in the form of flat, pipe, tube, rod, bar, shape, or forging.  
1.4 This practice is not intended to supersede or replace existing specification requirements for the sampling of a particular material.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement appears in Appendix X4.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1277-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all those who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of zinc alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
3.0–8.0  
Antimony  
0.002 max  
Cadmium  
0.025 max  
Cerium  
0.03–0.10  
Copper  
0.10 max  
Iron  
0.10 max  
Lanthanum  
0.03–0.10  
Lead  
0.026 max  
Magnesium  
0.05 max  
Silicon  
0.015 max  
Tin  
0.002 max  
Titanium  
0.02 max  
Zirconium  
0.02 max  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Included are procedures for elements in the following composition ranges:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
3.0–8.0  
Cadmium  
0.0016–0.025  
Cerium  
0.005–0.10  
Iron  
0.0015–0.10  
Lanthanum  
0.009–0.10  
Lead  
0.002–0.026  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 8, 11.2, and 13.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1085-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape which enhances certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.  
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:    
Element  
Mass Fraction
Range, %  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.007  
Chromium  
0.04 to 2.5  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
Copper  
0.03 to 0.6  
Manganese  
0.04 to 2.5  
Molybdenum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6  
1.1.1 Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may be used in older software and laboratory procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3346-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction Instruments for use in Analyzing Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical measurement processes covered by this guide are used for determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials. A test method utilizing this guidance is used to test such materials, and also form the basis for quality assurance of these materials. Thus, it is economically and scientifically critical that these instruments be understood by the laboratories that use them.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this guide will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully, and safely. It is expected that any work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that the laboratory will prepare their own work procedures for any of the information described in this guide.  
5.4 This guide contains numerous references to “manufacturer’s recommendations”. The user of this guide is expected to refer to the instrument operation manual for the specific instrument being used or consult directly with the manufacturer to obtain instructions or recommendations.  
5.5 This guide stresses the conservation of certified reference materials (CRMs). CRMs should not be used for drift checks or conditioning measurments. Other materials should be developed and used for these operations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for using Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction instruments to determine the mass fraction of the non-metallic elements Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials.  
1.2 This guide does not specify all the operating conditions because of the differences among different manufacturer’s instruments. Laboratories should follow instructions provided by the manufacturer of the instrument.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 The information in this guide is contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Sections  
Carbon/Sulfur by Combustion/Infrared Detection  
14 – 19  
Nitrogen/Oxygen by Inert Gas Fusion/Thermal Conductivity and Infrared Detection  
20 – 25  
Hydrogen by Inert Gas Fusion Instrumental Measurement and Hot Extraction/Various Detection Cell Technology  
26 – 31  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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