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ASTM E430-97(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance of high-gloss surfaces. Two test methods, A and B, are provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular angles of 30 and 20, respectively. These test methods are not suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color, another appearance attribute.
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs 1 and 2), the test methods were applied only to bright metals. Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jan-2003
ICS
17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.03 - Geometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E430-97 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Replaced By
ASTM E430-05 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM E179-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7188-05(2019) - Standard Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and Processes
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM B580-79(2019) - Standard Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Aluminum
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4039-09(2023) - Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM G179-04(2019) - Standard Specification for Metal Black Panel and White Panel Temperature Devices for Natural Weathering Tests
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D523-14(2018) - Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5382-02(2017) - Standard Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder Coatings
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM A109/A109M-16(2018) - Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM E430-23 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM A684/A684M-17 - Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, High-Carbon, Cold-Rolled
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5767-18 - Standard Test Method for Instrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image (DOI) Gloss of Coated Surfaces
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5531-17(2023) - Standard Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of Coatings
Effective Date
10-Jan-2003

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ASTM E430-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by GoniophotometryASTM E430-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry
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ASTM E430-97(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E430–97(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by
1
Goniophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 reflectance, r,n—ratio of the reflected radiant or
luminous flux to the incident flux in the given conditions.
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the
(E284)
reflection characteristics responsible for the glossy appearance
(1) Discussion—The term reflectance is often used in a
of high-gloss surfaces. Two test methods, A and B, are
general sense or as an abbreviation for reflectance factor. Such
provided for evaluating such surface characteristics at specular
usage is not assumed in this method. The definition may
angles of 30° and 20°, respectively.These test methods are not
require that the term be modified by adjectives denoting the
suitable for diffuse finish surfaces nor do they measure color,
spectral and geometric conditions of measurement.
another appearance attribute.
3.1.1.2 reflectance factor, R, n—ratio of the flux reflected
1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs
2 from the specimen to the flux reflected from the perfect
1 and 2), the test methods were applied only to bright metals.
reflecting diffuser under the same spectral and geometric
Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive
conditions of measurement. (E284)
finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.
3.1.1.3 gloss reflectance factor, R,n—ratio of the specu-
s
2. Referenced Documents larly reflected part of the (whole) flux reflected from the
specimen to the flux reflected from a specified gloss standard
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
under the same geometric and spectral conditions of measure-
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
ment.
D2457 TestMethodforSpecularGlossofPlasticFilmsand
4
(1) Discussion—The gloss standard may be a black glass or
Solid Plastics
a mirror, and may be assigned one of a variety of scale values
E171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
5
G as specified. (E284)
tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials s
3.1.2 Gloss and Types of Gloss:
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
3.1.2.1 gloss, n—angular selectivity of reflected light, re-
Measurement of Reflectance and Transmission Properties
3
sponsibleforthedegreetowhichreflectedhighlightsorimages
of Materials
3
of objects may be seen as superimposed on a surface. (E284)
E284 Terminology of Appearance
(1) Discussion—Gloss is responsible for the object’s glossy
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
3
appearance,notforanobserver’sperceptionoftheappearance.
Using the CIE System
At least six types or characteristics of gloss may be observed
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
3
depending upon the character of the surface and the spatial
surement by Tristimulus (Filler) Colormetry
distribution of the reflected light (3).
3. Terminology
3.1.2.2 specular gloss, n—ratio of flux reflected in specular
direction to incident flux for a specified angle of incidence and
3.1 Definitions:
source and receptor angular apertures. (E284)
3.1.1 Reflectance and Related Terms:
3.1.2.3 distinctness-of-image gloss, n—aspectofglosschar-
acterized by the sharpness of images of objects produced by
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on
reflection at a surface. (E284)
Color andAppearance and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on
3.1.2.4 sheen, n—the specular gloss at a large angle of
Geometry.
incidence for an otherwise matte specimen. (The usual angle
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published March 2003. Originally
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E430–97. for measurement is 85°.) (E284)
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
3.1.3 Terms Relating to Surface Characteristics:
this method.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E430–97 (2003)
3.1.3.1 directionality, n—perceived, the degree to which the 5. Significance and Use
appearance of a surface changes as the surface is rotated in its
5.1 Theglossofmetallicfinishesisimportantcommercially
ownplane,underfixedconditionsofilluminationandviewing.
on metals for automotive, architectural, and other uses where
(E284)
thesemetalsundergospecialfinishi
...

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Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry

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5.1 The gloss of metallic finishes is important commercially on metals for automotive, architectural, and other uses where these metals undergo special finishing processes to produce the appearances desired. It is important for the end-products, which use such finished metals that parts placed together have the same glossy appearance.  
5.2 It is also important that automotive finishes and other high-gloss nonmetallic surfaces possess the desired finished appearance. The present method identifies by measurements important aspects of finishes. Those having identical sets of numbers normally have the same gloss characteristics. It usually requires more than one measurement to identify properly the glossy appearance of any finish (see Refs 3 and 4).
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1.2 As originally developed by Tingle and others (see Refs 1 and 2),2 the test methods were applied only to bright metals. Recently they have been applied to high-gloss automotive finishes and other nonmetallic surfaces.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The amount of wear in any system will, in general, depend upon the number of system factors such as the applied load, machine characteristics, sliding speed, sliding distance, the environment, and the material properties. The value of any wear test method lies in predicting the relative ranking of material combinations. Since the pin-on-disk test method does not attempt to duplicate all the conditions that may be experienced in service (for example, lubrication, load, pressure, contact geometry, removal of wear debris, and presence of corrosive environment), there is no insurance that the test will predict the wear rate of a given material under conditions differing from those in the test.  
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1.3 The coefficient of friction values averaged between the test reaching full test pressure and the time of the onset of adhesion or the end of tests run for a predetermined time period are recorded. Systems are ranked by their average coefficients of friction before adhesion occurs.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except psi and pounds in Table 1.  
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This specification covers infrared thermometers, which are electronic instruments intended for the intermittent measurement and monitoring of patient temperatures by means of detecting the intensity of thermal radiation between the subject of measurement and the sensor. The specification addresses the assessment of the subject's internal body temperature through measurement of thermal emission from the ear canal. Though, performance requirements for noncontact temperature measurement of skin are also provided. Limits are set for laboratory accuracy, and determination and disclosure of clinical accuracy of the covered instruments are required. Performance and storage limits under various environmental conditions, requirements for labeling, and test procedures are all established herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electronic instruments intended for intermittent measuring and monitoring of patient temperatures by means of detecting the intensity of thermal radiation between the subject of measurement and the sensor.  
1.2 The specification addresses assessing subject’s body internal temperature through measurement of thermal emission from the ear canal. Performance requirements for noncontact temperature measurement of skin are also provided.  
1.3 The specification sets limits for laboratory accuracy and requires determination and disclosure of clinical accuracy of the covered instruments.  
1.4 Performance and storage limits under various environmental conditions, requirements for labeling, and test procedures are established.
Note 1: For electrical safety, consult Underwriters Laboratory Standards.2
Note 2: For electromagnetic emission requirements and tests, refer to CISPR 11: 1990 Lists of Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Disturbance Characteristics of Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Radiofrequency Equipment.3  
1.5 The values of quantities stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values of quantities in parentheses are not in SI and are optional.  
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology standard contains definitions of appearance terms applicable to the work of many ASTM technical committees. Its use by committees other than Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, and its citation in the standards of such committees, is encouraged.  
3.2 In this terminology standard, definitions of terms used in other ASTM standards are indicated by placing the designation of that standard in parentheses at the end of the definition. Definitions used by other organizations (see Refs (3–4)) are indicated similarly by placing in parentheses at the end of the definition the acronym of the organization, occasionally with the date of its terminology standard quoted. In either case, a superscript letter may be used to indicate the degree of correspondence between the definition given herein and that in the citation. Superscript A indicates that the two are identical; B that the given definition is a modification of that cited, with little difference in essential meaning; and C that the two differ substantially.  
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Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes three operational steps necessary to ensure accurate coating thickness measurement: calibration, verification and adjustment of coating thickness measuring gages, as well as proper methods for obtaining coating thickness measurements on both ferrous and non-ferrous metal substrates.  
4.2 Many specifications for commercial and industrial coatings projects stipulate a minimum and a maximum dry film thickness for each layer in a coating system. Additionally, most manufacturers of high performance coatings will warranty coating systems based upon, in part, achieving the proper thickness of each layer and the total coating system. Even if a project specification is not provided, the coating manufacturer’s recommendations published on product data sheets can become the governing document(s). Equipment manufacturers produce nondestructive coating thickness testing gages that are used to measure the cumulative or individual thickness of the coating layers, after they are dry. The manufacturers provide information for the adjustment and use of these gages, normally in the form of operating instructions. The user of this equipment must be knowledgeable in the proper operation of these devices, including methods for verifying the accuracy of the equipment prior to, during and after use as well as measurement procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the use of magnetic and eddy current gages for dry film thickness measurement. This practice is intended to supplement the manufacturers’ instructions for the manual operation of the gages and is not intended to replace them. It includes definitions of key terms, reference documents, the significance and use of the practice, the advantages and limitations of coating thickness gages, and a description of test specimens. It describes the methods and recommended frequency for verifying the accuracy of gages and for adjusting the equipment and lists the reporting recommendations.  
1.2 These procedures are not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformed under the load of the measuring gages/probes, as the gage probe must be placed directly on the coating surface to obtain a reading. Provisions for measuring on soft or tacky coatings are described in 5.7.  
1.3 Coating thickness can be measured using a variety of gages. These gages are categorized as “magnetic pull-off” and “electronic.” They use a sensing probe or magnet to measure the gap (distance) between the base metal and the probe. This measured distance is displayed as coating thickness by the gages.  
1.4 Coating thickness can vary widely across a surface. As a result, obtaining single-point measurements may not accurately represent the actual coating system thickness. SSPC-PA 2 prescribes a frequency of coating thickness measurement based on the size of the area coated. A frequency of measurement for coated steel beams (girders) and coated test panels is also provided in the appendices to SSPC-PA 2. The governing specification is responsible for providing the user with the minimum and the maximum coating thickness for each layer, and for the total coating system.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off