ASTM F839-83(1998)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Cautionary Labeling of Portable Gasoline Containers for Consumer Use
Standard Specification for Cautionary Labeling of Portable Gasoline Containers for Consumer Use
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes nationally recognized requirements for the cautionary information to be placed on the label of portable gasoline containers for consumer use. It is not the intent of this specification to include any other labeling requirements, such as those set forth in Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) or other applicable regulations and standards.
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Designation: F 839 – 83 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Specification for
Cautionary Labeling of Portable Gasoline Containers for
Consumer Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 839; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
On Oct. 24, 1979, at the request of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, ASTM
convened a meeting of interested parties to discuss the merits of the development of a voluntary
standard covering portable containers for petroleum products.As a result of this meetingASTM Task
Group F15.10 was formed at an organizational meeting held on Jan. 24, 1980.
During the early stages of its deliberations the task group concluded that the scope of its work
should be limited to gasoline containers in view of the unique properties of the fluid, the broad
consumer use of such containers and the impracticality of adequately addressing a broader scope on
any timely basis. Further, the task group concluded that, in as much as consumer misuse is a major
safety consideration, a standard specification for cautionary labeling should be its first order of
business.
1. Scope 4.2 Theinformationrequiredisforasinglepanelorlabel,or
both. If, because of size restrictions, the information must be
1.1 This specification establishes nationally recognized re-
divided, the main panel shall contain language consistent with
quirements for the cautionary information to be placed on the
the requirements of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act.
label of portable gasoline containers for consumer use. It is not
the intent of this specification to include any other labeling
NOTE 1—If the information is divided, it would be a good practice to
requirements, such as those set forth in Federal Hazardous have the statement “Harmful or Fatal if swallowed” and “If swallowed, do
not induce vomiting, call physician immediately”, together.
Substances Act (FHSA) or other applicable regulations and
standards.
4.3 The following information shall appear on all portable
gasoline containers:
2. Referenced Documents
DANGER
2.1 Federal Document:
GASOLINE
CFR 1500 Federal Hazardous Substances Act
EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE
VAPORS CAN EXPLODE
3. Terminology Definition
HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED
3.1 portable gasoline container—a vessel designed to be
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, call physician imme-
carried by hand and to be used to transport gasoline from
diately
distribution points to use points
...
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1.1 This specification establishes performance requirements for the performance of flame mitigation devices (FMDs) installed in disposable and pre-filled liquid containers, intended for consumer use where the liquid flashpoint is below 60 ºC [140 ºF]. (See Appendix X1.)
1.1.1 Uses of disposable and pre-filled flammable liquid containers include but are not limited to fuels, fire starters, and additives for internal combustion engines.
1.1.2 An FMD that complies with this specification minimizes the potential of flame jetting or container rupture from occurring.
1.1.3 Containers without a significant area reduction at the container opening are not covered because there is no hazard of a flame jet or container rupture because an internal pressure rise does not result from an internal ignition. (See X1.5.)
1.2 This specification does not apply to the following containers:
1.2.1 Containers greater than 20 L [5.3 gal] or smaller than 100 mL [3.4 oz] in volume.
1.2.2 Containers intended for beverages.
1.2.3 Portable fuel containers as defined in Specification F852/F852M.
1.2.4 One-time use portable emergency fuel containers for use by consumers as defined in Specification F2874.
1.2.5 Containers not intended to be open to ambient conditions such as those for liquefied petroleum gas.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Information on specific hazards associated with the test methods in this specification is shown in Section 4.4.
1.5 This specification does not address hazards caused by fire and explosion nor hazards from vapors external to the container when the fuel in the container does not ignite. Further, this specification does not consider scenarios where confinement, obstructions, or preheating cause flame acceleration prior to the flame front reaching the interior of the container.
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5.1 Information on the wording of the warning labels that appear on the containers will help to ensure that proper information concerning methods of safer handling is presented to the consumer.
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1.1 This specification is intended to set forth the packaging requirements for lamp fuel and torch fuel intended for use by consumers in and around the household and which contain 10 % or more petroleum distillates with a viscosity of less than 100 SUS (Saybolt universal viscosity) at 100 °F.
1.2 The specification is not intended to cover materials defined as flammable or extremely flammable.
1.3 This packaging specification is intended to set forth design and performance requirements related to packaging, closures, and product labeling.
1.4 This specification applies to pourable lamp fuel and torch fuel containers with a rated capacity of less than 5 gal intended for household use.
1.5 Exemptions—Products defined as a pesticide by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) are exempt from Section 5.1 labeling requirements.
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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the nationally recognized performance requirements and associated test methods for portable gasoline containers intended for use and reuse by consumers. It does not cover single-trip prepackaged containers. The containers shall show evidence of good workmanship and, when appropriately tested, shall meet specified requirements for color, capacity, stability, handle strength, drop strength, internal hydrostatic pressure, openings and closure, components, and durability in terms of aging, permeability, gasoline resistance, stress cracking, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance and flammability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes performance requirements for portable gasoline, kerosene, and diesel containers intended for reuse by the consumer. This specification also covers reusable containers for gas/oil mixtures commonly used for two-cycle engines and reusable dual-compartment containers for separate gas and oil storage.
1.2 This specification is not a fire hazard standard, but a specification for portable gasoline, kerosene, and diesel containers for consumer use.
1.3 This specification defines performance requirements for systems that can effectively reduce fuel spillage and emissions when used in accordance with the manufacturer’s (marked) warnings, operating instructions, and limitations of use. This specification does not provide assurance that systems meeting the requirements are suited to all fueling applications and conditions.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the Test Method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for additional precautionary information.
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1.1 This specification establishes performance requirements for flame mitigation devices (FMDs) in portable fuel containers (PFCs) for gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuels intended for reuse by the consumer.
1.2 A flame mitigation device in gasoline (red), diesel (yellow), and kerosene (blue) PFCs protects the container openings from possible propagation of a flame into a flammable fuel-air mixture within the container. Formation of a flammable fuel-air mixture in the container can occur in special circumstances associated with cold ambient conditions and low liquid levels in the container. Delineations of those circumstances and conditions have been described in published reports, for example, Gardiner et al, 2010 (1),2 and papers, for example, Elias et al, 2013 (2), including research sponsored and overseen by the ASTM F15.10 Technical Committee.
1.3 This specification does not address the hazard of injury or death caused by ignition of vapors external to the PFC when the fuel in the PFC is poured onto or near to a fire or other ignition source causing these external vapors to ignite or explode. An FMD does not prevent hazards associated with misuse of the PFC resulting in external vapor ignition.
1.4 The flame mitigation device is chemically conditioned by exposure to representative fuel surrogates CE25a and CE85a fuel and other expected conditions prior to the tests.
1.5 The flame mitigation device is mechanically conditioned by repeated insertions and removal of a fuel refueling spout prior to the tests.
1.6 The first test method establishes that the flame mitigation device can effectively prevent flame propagation into a flammable butane-air mixture inside the portable fuel container. The butane-air mixture is a controlled and repeatable proxy for the more variable fuel vapor-air mixture in the container.
1.7 The second test method establishes that the flame mitigation device is permitting adequate flow rates of fuel.
1.8 This specification states values in SI units which are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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1.1 This specification establishes nationally recognized construction, performance, and marking standards for portable emergency fuel containers intended for attended transport of fuel and for one time use by consumers. This specification is not for containers intended for unattended storage of fuel.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the nationally recognized requirements for the cautionary information to be placed on the label of portable gasoline containers for consumer use. These containers are designed to be carried by hand and are used to transport gasoline from points of distribution to points of use. This specification does not address any other labeling requirements, such as those set forth in Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) or other applicable regulations and standards.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Information on the wording of the warning labels which appear on the containers will help to ensure that proper information concerning methods of handling gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuels is being presented to the consumer. This information can be imparted most effectively by the use of the same terms on labels provided by all manufacturers.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes nationally recognized requirements for the cautionary information to be placed on the label of portable gasoline, kerosene, and diesel containers for consumer use. It is not the intent of this specification to include any other labeling requirements, such as those set forth in Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) or other applicable regulations and standards.
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1.1 This specification establishes performance requirements for the performance of flame mitigation devices (FMDs) installed in disposable and pre-filled liquid containers, intended for consumer use where the liquid flashpoint is below 60 ºC [140 ºF]. (See Appendix X1.)
1.1.1 Uses of disposable and pre-filled flammable liquid containers include but are not limited to fuels, fire starters, and additives for internal combustion engines.
1.1.2 An FMD that complies with this specification minimizes the potential of flame jetting or container rupture from occurring.
1.1.3 Containers without a significant area reduction at the container opening are not covered because there is no hazard of a flame jet or container rupture because an internal pressure rise does not result from an internal ignition. (See X1.5.)
1.2 This specification does not apply to the following containers:
1.2.1 Containers greater than 20 L [5.3 gal] or smaller than 100 mL [3.4 oz] in volume.
1.2.2 Containers intended for beverages.
1.2.3 Portable fuel containers as defined in Specification F852/F852M.
1.2.4 One-time use portable emergency fuel containers for use by consumers as defined in Specification F2874.
1.2.5 Containers not intended to be open to ambient conditions such as those for liquefied petroleum gas.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Information on specific hazards associated with the test methods in this specification is shown in Section 4.4.
1.5 This specification does not address hazards caused by fire and explosion nor hazards from vapors external to the container when the fuel in the container does not ignite. Further, this specification does not consider scenarios where confinement, obstructions, or preheating cause flame acceleration prior to the flame front reaching the interior of the container.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the nationally recognized requirements for the cautionary information to be placed on the labels of 4- to 6-gal (15- to 23-L) open-head plastic containers (buckets), which are straight-sided vessels designed to be carried by hand to transport liquids or solids. Such warning labels will help to ensure that proper information concerning methods of safer handling is presented to the consumer.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Information on the wording of the warning labels that appear on the containers will help to ensure that proper information concerning methods of safer handling is presented to the consumer.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nationally recognized requirements for the cautionary information to be placed on the label of 4-gal to 6-gal (15-L to 23-L) plastic open-head containers (buckets). It is not the intent of this specification to include any other labeling requirements, such as those set forth in Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) or other applicable regulations and standards.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environmental stress-crack resistance of plastic tight-head drums. This test method may be used for determining the applicability of various plastic resins, mold designs, processing techniques, and parameters for plastic tight-head drums.
5.2 Environmental stress cracking is indicative of what results when a container is exposed to chemical agents such as soaps, organics, bleaches, or any surface-active solutions while under conditions of stress.
5.3 Environmental stress cracking is a mechanism of chemical attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin, container manufacturing or processing history, exposure temperature, applied stress, and other factors. The combination of these factors may result in eventual stress crack failure.
5.4 Both procedures minimize the potential for test variability by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions. This test method may be used as design qualification and auditing tools for plastic tight-head drums.
5.5 This test method is not meant to provide a quantitative value of measurement (that is, number of days to failure). It is intended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance with user’s specifications, or as agreed upon between the user and supplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indicator of field performance regarding time to failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic tight-head drums as a summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing conditions, field performance, and other factors.
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plastic drum's resistance to failure by cracking when in the presence of chemical and physical stresses.
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure A—Internal pressure stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution, a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated pressure and temperature.
1.3.2 Procedure B—Top-load stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking reagent. The compressive top-load is controlled at a constant weight while maintaining an elevated temperature.
1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test the ability of the closure or closure gasket material to retain the test reagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failure mode is optional. However, leakage through a closure may affect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.
1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factors that could lead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user of this standard may use other test parameters, such as top-loads, chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user and supplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchase agreement.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.2.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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