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ASTM D8355-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Used for Sleeving or Tubing

Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Used for Sleeving or Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method A is the required flammability test for: crosslinked chlorinated polyolefin heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation (Specification D2903), crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation (Specification D3144), and crosslinked and noncrosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) heatshrinkable tubing for electrical insulation (Specification D3150).  
5.2 Test Method A is also one of the flammability tests used for nonrigid vinyl chloride polymer tubing used for electrical insulation (in Test Methods D876), flexible treated sleeving used for electrical insulation (Test Methods D350), and heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical use (Test Methods D2671).  
5.3 Test Method B is another flammability test (together with Test Method A) used for flexible treated sleeving used for electrical insulation (Test Methods D350).  
5.4 Test Methods C and D are other flammability tests (together with Test Method A) used for heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical use (Test Methods D2671). In both tests the electrical insulating material is fitted with a metallic core. The electrical insulating material is tested after shrinking, but using different mandrels.  
5.5 In these test methods, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. The results are therefore valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This fire test response standard contains various tests applicable to electrical insulation materials used for sleeving or for tubing (including heat-shrinkable tubing).  
1.3 Use the values stated in SI units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2020
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.17 - Fire and Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8355-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Used for Sleeving or TubingASTM D8355-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Used for Sleeving or Tubing
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ASTM D8355-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Used for Sleeving or Tubing
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8355 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Used for
1
Sleeving or Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8355; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D350 Test Methods for Flexible Treated Sleeving Used for
Electrical Insulation
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
D876 Test Methods for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer
1.2 This fire test response standard contains various tests
Tubing Used for Electrical Insulation
applicabletoelectricalinsulationmaterialsusedforsleevingor
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
for tubing (including heat-shrinkable tubing).
D2671 Test Methods for Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Elec-
1.3 Use the values stated in SI units in referee decisions; see trical Use
D2903 Specification for Crosslinked Chlorinated Polyolefin
IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The values given in parentheses after SI
units are provided for information only and are not considered Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Electrical Insulation
D3144 Specification for Crosslinked Poly(Vinylidene Fluo-
standard.
ride) Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Electrical Insulation
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the
D3150 Specification for Crosslinked and Noncrosslinked
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Electri-
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
cal Insulation
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
D5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
actual fire conditions.
D5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20–mm (50–W) and
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
125–mm (500–W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
Tests on Plastic Materials
conducting these tests.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO 13943 Fire Safety – Vocabulary
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
2.3 Federal Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. PPP-T-45D Federal Specification for Tape; Paper, Gummed
(Kraft)
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
5
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.4 UL Standards:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
UL 224 Extruded Insulated Tubing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
UL 1441 Coated Electrical Sleeving
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical UL 2556 Wire and Cable Test Methods
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definitions:
2
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to electrical and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
electronic insulating materials, the definitions in these test
methodsareinaccordancewithTerminologyD1711.Forterms
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. DOI: Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
10.1520/D8355-20. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
the ASTM website. WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8355 − 20
relating to fire, the definitions in this test method are in 5. Significance and Use
accordance with Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of
5.1 Test Method A is the required flammability test for:
conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall
crosslinked chlorinated polyolefin he
...

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5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.  
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5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
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ASTM D5424-23a(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.1 Test Method A is the required flammability test for: crosslinked chlorinated polyolefin heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation (Specification D2903), crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation (Specification D3144), and crosslinked and noncrosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation (Specification D3150).  
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1.2.1 Test methods C and D are applicable to heat-shrinkable tubing only.  
1.3 Use the values stated in SI units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This vertical flame test provides information regarding the flammability performance of electrical insulating materials.  
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1.4 Use the values stated in SI units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the heat release rate and a number of other fire-test-response characteristics as a result of exposing insulating materials contained in electrical or optical cables to a prescribed initial test heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus.  
5.2 Quantitative heat release measurements provide information that is potentially useful for design of electrical or optical cables, and product development.  
5.3 Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by giving a quantitative measure of specific changes in fire performance caused by component and composite modifications. Heat release data from this test method will not be predictive of product behavior if the product will not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest.  
5.4 The fire-test-response characteristics determined by this test method are affected by the thickness of the material used as test specimen, whether as a plaque or as coating on a wire or cable. The diameter of the wire or cable used will also affect the test results.  
5.5 A radiant exposure is used as an energy source for this test method. This type of source has been used for comparison with heat release rate and flame spread studies of insulating materials constructed into cables when burning in a vertical cable tray configuration (Test Methods D5424 and D5537) (2-9). No definitive relationships have been established.  
5.6 The value of heat release rate corresponding to the critical limit between propagating cable fires and non-propagating fires is not known.  
5.7 This test method does not determine the net heat of combustion.  
5.8 It has not been demonstrated that this test method is capable of predicting the response of electrical or optical fiber cables in a full scale fire. In particular, this test method does not address the self-extinguishing characteristics of the cables in a full scale fire.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 Several fire-test-response characteristics, including the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, total heat released, effective heat of combustion, and specific extinction area; are measured or calculated by this test method at a constant radiant heat flux. For specific limitations see also 5.7 and Section 6.  
1.3 The tests are conducted by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable test specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to radiant heat.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.  
1.6 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7936-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Intended for Wires or Cables When Burning in Horizontal Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This horizontal flame test method measures the ability of the material to cease flaming when the source of ignition used is removed.  
5.2 This test method also provides a measure of the capability of the material to spread flame by dripping of flaming particles.  
5.3 This test method is used to assess the horizontal flame test performance of electrical insulation materials in Test Methods D470.  
5.4 In this test method, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. The results are therefore valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
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ASTM D3874-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur, under certain conditions of operation or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the insulation material.  
5.2 This test method assesses the relative resistance of electrical insulating materials to ignition by the effect of hot wire sources.  
5.3 This test method determines the average time, in seconds, required for material specimens to ignite under the specified conditions of test.  
5.4 This method is suitable to characterize materials, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.  
5.5 In this procedure the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their resistance to ignition because of their proximity to electrically-heated wires and other heat sources.2  
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses up to and including 13.0 mm (0.51 in.).  
1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid or flexible at normal room temperatures. It is important to minimize deformation during preparation, especially during the wire-wrapping step described in 10.1, by following the method outlined under Clause 10, Sample Preparation. Examples of deformation include bowing, in either a transverse or a longitudinal direction, twisting of the specimen, and indentation of the wire into the specimen during the wire-wrapping step, to a degree visible to the eye.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. (See SI10 for further details.)  
1.5 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: Although this test method and IEC TS 60695-2-20 (withdrawn) differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5537-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.  
5.2 The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of the importance of heat release rate are discussed in Appendix X1 and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appendix X2.  
5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The test method is also used for measuring smoke obscuration. The apparatus described here is also useful to measure gaseous components of smoke; the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. The carbon oxides are major indicators of the completeness of combustion and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements.  
5.4 Test Limitations:  
5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
5.4.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.  
5.4.3 This is an intermediate-scale test...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heat released and smoke obscuration by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cable damage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the heat release, smoke release, flame propagation and mass loss characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method nor does it measure the contribution of the materials in those cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases (see Appendix X4).  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions  
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ASTM
ASTM D5424-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.  
5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires.  
5.3 This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. Test Method D5537 provides means for measuring heat release with the equipment used in this test method.  
5.4 Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion, and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness.  
5.5 Test Limitations:  
5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.  
5.5.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictability of its results to large scale fires has not been determined. Some information ...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.  
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.  
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.  
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.  
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)  
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety...

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