ASTM E2096/E2096M-16

Standard Practice for In Situ Examination of Ferromagnetic Heat-Exchanger Tubes Using Remote Field Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of RFT is to evaluate the condition of the tubing. The evaluation results may be used to assess the likelihood of tube failure during service, a task which is not covered by this practice.  
5.2 Principle of Probe Operation—In a basic RFT probe, the electromagnetic field emitted by an exciter travels outwards through the tube wall, axially along the outside of tube, and back through the tube wall to a detector7 (Fig. 2a).  
Note 1: Arrows indicate flow of electromagnetic energy from exciter to detector. Energy flow is perpendicular to lines of magnetic flux.  
5.2.1 Flaw indications are created when (1) in thin-walled areas, the field arrives at the detector with less attenuation and less time delay, (2) discontinuities interrupt the lines of magnetic flux, which are aligned mainly axially, or (3) discontinuities interrupt the eddy currents, which flow mainly circumferentially. A discontinuity at any point on the through-transmission path can create a perturbation; thus RFT has approximately equal sensitivity to flaws on the inner and outer walls of the tube.7  
5.3 Warning Against Errors in Interpretation.Characterizing flaws by RFT may involve measuring changes from nominal (or baseline), especially for absolute coil data. The choice of a nominal value is important and often requires judgment. Practitioners should exercise care to use for nominal reference a section of tube that is free of damage (see definition of “nominal tube” in 3.2.3). In particular, bends used as nominal reference must be free of damage, and tube support plates used as nominal reference should be free of metal loss in the plate and in adjacent tube material. If necessary, a complementary technique (as described in 11.12) may be used to verify the condition of areas used as nominal reference.  
5.4 Probe Configuration—The detector is typically placed two to three tube diameters from the exciter, in a location where the remote field dominates the direct-coupling field.7 O...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures to be followed during remote field examination of installed ferromagnetic heat-exchanger tubing for baseline and service-induced discontinuities.  
1.2 This practice is intended for use on ferromagnetic tubes with outside diameters from 0.500 to 2.000 in. [12.70 to 50.80 mm], with wall thicknesses in the range from 0.028 to 0.134 in. [0.71 to 3.40 mm].  
1.3 This practice does not establish tube acceptance criteria; the tube acceptance criteria must be specified by the using parties.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2016
• ICS: 23.040.10 - Iron and steel pipes
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.07 - Electromagnetic Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2096/E2096M − 16
Standard Practice for
In Situ Examination of Ferromagnetic Heat-Exchanger Tubes
1
Using Remote Field Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2096/E2096M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope* 2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
1.1 Thispracticedescribesprocedurestobefollowedduring
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
remote field examination of installed ferromagnetic heat-
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
exchanger tubing for baseline and service-induced discontinui-
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ties.
2.3 Other Documents:
1.2 This practice is intended for use on ferromagnetic tubes
Can CGSB-48.9712-95 Qualification of Nondestructive
4
with outside diameters from 0.500 to 2.000 in. [12.70 to 50.80
Testing Personnel, Natural Resources Canada
mm],withwallthicknessesintherangefrom0.028to0.134in.
ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing—Qualification and Certi-
5
[0.71 to 3.40 mm].
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
1.3 This practice does not establish tube acceptance criteria;
6
Testing Personnel
the tube acceptance criteria must be specified by the using
parties.
3. Terminology
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
3.1 General—Definitions of terms used in this practice can
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
be found in Terminology E1316, Section A, “Common NDT
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
Terms,” and Section C, “Electromagnetic Testing.”
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
3.2 Definitions:
ingvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformance
3.2.1 detector, n—one or more coils or elements used to
with the standard.
sense or measure magnetic field; also known as a receiver.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 exciter, n—a device that generates a time-varying
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
electromagnetic field, usually a coil energized with alternating
responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appro-
current (ac); also known as a transmitter.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 nominal tube, n—a tube or tube section meeting the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tubing manufacturer’s specifications, with relevant properties
2. Referenced Documents typical of a tube being examined, used for reference in
interpretation and evaluation.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 remote field, n— as applied to nondestructive testing,
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
the electromagnetic field which has been transmitted through
Testing
the test object and is observable beyond the direct coupling
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
field of the exciter.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
3
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Electromagnetic Method. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally Available from CGSB Sales Centre; Place du Portage, Phase 3, 6B1; 11 Laurier
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2096 - 10. DOI: Street, Hull QC, Canada K1A 1G6.
5
10.1520/E2096_E2096M-16. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd.,
the ASTM website. Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2096/E2096M − 16
FIG. 1 A and B: Typical Phase-Amplitude Diagrams Used in RFT; C: Generic Strip Chart With Flaw
3.2.5 remote field testing, n—a nondestructive test method 3.3.3.1 Discussion—In this practice, care has been taken to
that meas
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2096/E2096M − 10 E2096/E2096M − 16
Standard Practice for
In Situ Examination of Ferromagnetic Heat-Exchanger Tubes
1
Using Remote Field Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2096/E2096M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes procedures to be followed during remote field examination of installed ferromagnetic heat-exchanger
tubing for baseline and service-induced discontinuities.
1.2 This practice is intended for use on ferromagnetic tubes with outside diameters from 0.500 to 2.000 in. [12.70 to 50.80 mm],
with wall thicknesses in the range from 0.028 to 0.134 in. [0.71 to 3.40 mm].
1.3 This practice does not establish tube acceptance criteria; the tube acceptance criteria must be specified by the using parties.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 Other Documents:
3
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
4
Can CGSB-48.9712-95 Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel, Natural Resources Canada
5
ISO 9712 Nondestructive Testing—Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
6
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Definitions of terms used in this practice can be found in Terminology E1316, Section A, “Common NDT Terms,”
and Section C, “Electromagnetic Testing.”
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 detector, n—one or more coils or elements used to sense or measure magnetic field; also known as a receiver.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010Feb. 1, 2016. Published October 2010February 2016. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as E2096 - 05.E2096 - 10. DOI: 10.1520/E2096_E2096M-10.10.1520/E2096_E2096M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from CGSB Sales Centre; Place du Portage, Phase 3, 6B1; 11 Laurier Street, Hull QC, Canada K1A 1G6.
5
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
6
Available from Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2096/E2096M − 16
FIG. 1 A and B: Typical Phase-Amplitude Diagrams Used in RFT; C: Generic Strip Chart With Flaw
3.2.2 exciter, n—a device that generates a time-varying electromagnetic field, usually a coil energized with alternating current
(ac); also known as a transmitter.
3.2.3 nominal tube, n—a tube or
...