ASTM F2574-06(2010)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Low Velocity Projectile Marker
Standard Specification for Low Velocity Projectile Marker
ABSTRACT
This specification covers low velocity projectile (LVP) markers that eject a low velocity resilient material (LVRM) projectile using compressed air, compressed gas, or a combination of both. Included in this specification are performance requirements and test methods for LVP markers as well as the minimum warnings and instructions that need to be provided in literature, on labels, on packaging, and on the marker itself. The LVP markers shall be manufactured to operate only in semi-automatic or pump mode and with exposed edges that shall be smooth and free of sharp edges and burrs. LVP markers shall be provided with a disabling device which shall keep it from firing and with a provision against accidental discharge. The markers shall undergo tests for disabling device, accidental discharge, barrel blocking device, and impact, and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low velocity projectile markers (herein referred to as LVP marker) that propel a low velocity resilient material projectile (herein referred to as LVRM projectile as defined in Specification F2573) by means of energy released by compressed air, compressed gas, or a combination thereof, with velocity not to exceed 53.34 m/s (175 ft/s).
1.2 LVRM projectiles are made of a resilient material and have a diameter no smaller than 20 mm (0.7874 in) and no greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.). The hardness of the LVRM projectile is to be no greater than 75 Shore 00. The weight of the LVRM projectile is not to exceed 4.0 g.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2574 −06(Reapproved 2010) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Low Velocity Projectile Marker
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI Standard:
Z535.1 Safety Color Code
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverslowvelocityprojectilemarkers
(herein referred to as LVP marker) that propel a low velocity
3. Terminology
resilient material projectile (herein referred to as LVRM
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
projectile as defined in Specification F2573) by means of
3.1.1 auto-trigger—trigger that, when held in the discharge
energy released by compressed air, compressed gas, or a
position, will automatically cause the LVPmarker to discharge
combination thereof, with velocity not to exceed 53.34 m/s
when the pump or bolt action is manipulated.
(175 ft/s).
3.1.2 backstop—object intended to stop a LVRM projectile.
1.2 LVRM projectiles are made of a resilient material and
3.1.3 barrel—that portion of a LVP marker through which
have a diameter no smaller than 20 mm (0.7874 in) and no
the LVRM projectile is discharged.
greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.). The hardness of the LVRM
3.1.4 barrel blocking device—muzzle blocking safety de-
projectile is to be no greater than 75 Shore 00. The weight of
vice that when properly installed, reduces the likelihood of an
the LVRM projectile is not to exceed 4.0 g.
intact LVRM projectile discharging from the marker or leaving
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the confines of the barrel blocking device. The device is often
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
referred to as a barrel plug or sleeve.
only.
3.1.5 cautionary statement—warning outlined in Section 9
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
that is to be placed on LVP markers, packaging, and literature.
test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This
3.1.6 disabling device—device that, when activated, dis-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
ables a part of the LVP marker, usually the trigger, to prevent
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
unintentional discharges and must be released to allow the
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
marker to be discharged by the movement of the trigger. The
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
device is sometimes referred to as the “safety,” “safety button,”
tions prior to use.
or “safety lever.” An electronic on/off switch is considered a
disabling device if when placed in the “off” position, it renders
2. Referenced Documents
the marker inoperable.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 discharge mode—mode that controls the number of
F1750 Specification for Paintball Marker Threaded-
LVRM projectiles discharged per trigger cycle.
Propellant Source Interface
3.1.8 feed mechanism—mechanism that stores, transports,
F1776 Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball
and facilitates the loading of LVRM projectiles. It may be
Sports
gravity,mechanicallyorairassisted,orautomaticinitsactions.
F2573 Specification for Low Velocity Resilient Material
Projectile
3.1.9 hopper—device used with a LVP marker to store
LVRM projectiles.
3.1.10 impact tester—device used to test for accidental
discharges of LVP marker. See Fig. 1.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.24 on
3.1.11 low velocity resilient material projectile—object pro-
Paintball and Equipment.
pelled by means of a discharge mechanism, capable of storing
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. Originally
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2574 – 06. DOI:
and releasing energy under the control of the operator, com-
10.1520/F2574-06R10.
prised of a resilient material, and has a diameter no smaller
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2574−06 (2010)
A. Release Latch
B. Compression Spring (spring rate 1.145 kg/cm or 16.28 lb/in.)
C. Impact Ball (new pressurized tennis ball with regular felt, total mass of moving parts is 1.13 kg or 2.5 lb)
D. Plastic tube with 7.62 cm (3 in.) internal diameter
E. Face placed against marker
F. Cocking arm
G. Stroke of 15.21 cm (6 in.)
H. Secured support base
FIG. 1Impact Tester
than 20 mm (0.7874 in) and no greater than 30 mm (1.18 in.). 3.1.16 semi-automatic mode marker—semi-automatic
The hardness of the low velocity resilient material projectile is marker discharges one time with each trigger cycle. Markers
to be no greater than 75 Shore 00. The weight is not to exceed that “store” the number of trigger pulls and discharge more
4.0 g. than one LVRM projectile at some point do not meet this
definition. Markers that operate in any other discharge mode(s)
3.1.12 low velocity projectile marker—device specifically
do not meet this definition.
designed to discharge low velocity resilient material projec-
tiles. 3.1.17 shore 00—applicable durometer type scale to mea-
sure the hardness of sponge and foam materials.
3.1.13 pump mode marker—marker that requires the opera-
tor to manually cock or engage the sear of the marker before 3.1.18 standard ambient temperature and pressure
each shot by a means of a pump, bolt, lever, cocking handle, or (SATP)—used to describe a substance at the pressure of 1 bar
similar device. (1.01325 atmospheres, 750 mm Hg, 14.5 psi, 100 kPa) and a
temperature of 25°C (77°F).
3.1.14 range—maximum distance to which an object may
be propelled, whether limited by energy or an obstacle. 3.1.19 target—object at which the LVRM projectile shall be
discharged.
3.1.15 sear—catch that holds the mechanism in the ready-
to-dischargepositionuntilreleasedbytheuser,usuallythrough 3.1.20 trigger—device operated by the user to discharge a
trigger movement. marker.
F2574−06 (2010)
3.1.21 trigger cycle—movement of the trigger through dis- and “off” positions in accordance with 3.1.6. All such devices
charge and returning to a reset or recycle position. shall be capable of preventing the markers from being dis-
charged when a weight of 13.6 kg (30 lb) is applied to the
3.1.22 trigger pull—force required to move the trigger from
trigger. Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 8.3.
its start or recycle/reset position to a position that discharges
the marker.
7.3 Accidental Discharge—Markers should not accidentally
discharge when exposed testing in accordance with 8.3.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This specification establishes performance requirements
8. Test Methods
and test methods for LVP markers.
8.1 No precision statement on any of the following test
4.2 This specification identifies the minimum warnings and
methods is available at this time.
instructions that are to be provided in literature, on labels, on
8.2 Disabling Device Test:
packaging, and on the marker itself.
8.2.1 Significance—This method determines if the disabling
device will withstand a 13.6 kg (30 lb) applied weight without
5. Conformance
failure, causing the marker to discharge.
5.1 LVP markers shall not, either by label or other means,
8.2.2 Apparatus—A trigger weight system having a 13.6 6
indicate conformance with this specification, unless at the time
0.02 kg (30 6 0.05 lb) weight. Arrange the weight system so
of manufacture they conform to all applicable requirements
that the weights can be picked up by the trigger of the marker
contained herein.
with the marker in a vertical position, muzzle up. (A spring
gagecapableofmeasuringthetriggerforcecanbeusedinstead
6. Procedure
of the weight system.)
6.1 Literature—Literature shall be provided with each LVP
8.2.3 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of a
marker and shall include, as applicable, the instructions,
new LVP marker selected in accordance with the manufactur-
cautionary statements, and safety tips specified in Section 11.
er’s usual quality assurance practices.
6.2 Packaging—Packaging shall be labeled in a prominent
8.2.4 Procedure:
and conspicuous manner in accordance with the provisions of
8.2.4.1 Conduct the test at SATP.
10.1.
8.2.4.2 Conduct all tests without LVRM Projectiles in the
marker.
6.3 Finish—The exposed edges of all LVP markers shall be
smooth and free of sharp edges and burrs.
8.2.4.3 Place disabling device in “safe” position or the
electronic switch in the “off” position.
6.4 Shipping:
8.2.4.4 Applya13.6kg(30lb)loadatthecenterpointofthe
6.4.1 Each LVPmarker shall be shipped in an unloaded and
trigger for 30 s with the load applied to the center of the face
degassed condition.
of the trigger and remove the load.
6.4.2 All LVP markers must shoot at a velocity under 53.34
8.2.4.5 Put disabling device in the “fire” position or the
m/s (175 ft/s) at the time of shipment at SATP.
electronic switch in the “on” position. The marker must not
6.5 Design:
discharge as the safety is disengaged.
6.5.1 All LVP markers intended to be used with removable
8.2.4.6 Test the marker for proper trigger and disabling
cylinders shall be able to withstand input pressure of 3000
device action.
lb/in. 207 bar (3000 psi) without catastrophic failure. Leaking
8.2.4.7 The marker passes the test if it withstands the load
in a manner that would not cause injury to the operator shall
applied without causing the marker to discharge during the
not constitute failure in accordance with Specification F1750.
application of the load and does not discharge upon the
6.5.2 Amarker’s performance may not be enhanced, includ-
disengagement of the disabling device, and the disabling
ing but not limited to increasing the markers’velocity without
device and trigger function properly after testing.
the use of tools or disassembly.
6.5.3 All LVP markers shall only operate in semi-automatic 8.3 Accidental Discharge Test:
or pump mode and may not operate in other discharge modes.
8.3.1 Significance—LVP markers should not discharge
while their disabling device is disengaged.
7. Performance Requirements
8.3.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of a
7.1 Marker Function—The cocking or pumping mechanism new LVP marker, selected in accordance with the manufactur-
of a LVP marker shall not cause a marker to discharge er’s usual quality assurance practices.
unintentionally while a marker is being cocked in accordance
8.3.3 Procedure:
with the manufacturer’s instructions. This does not limit the
8.3.3.1 Conduct the test at SATP.
use of “auto-triggers.” Markers shall be a pump or a semi-
8.3.3.2 Attach a properly charged propellant source if re-
automatic, or both, as defined in this specification.
quired in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Test
discharge the marker.
7.2 Disabling Device—Disabling devices shall be provided
8.3.3.3 Leave the marker in the ready to discharge condi-
on all LVP markers and all such devices shall keep from firing
tion.
marker whether or not the marker is cocked. All such devices
shall be clearly marked to indicate the “safe” and “fire” or “on” 8.3.3.4 Suspend marker using a sling (see Fig. 2).
F2574−06 (2010)
A. Yoke
B. Pivot Bolt
C. Swivel
D. 91.29 cm (36 in.) Strap or Rope
E. 60.86 cm (24 in.) aluminum bar with 1.27 cm (0.5 in.) diameter or 1.9 cm (0.75 in.) copper tube
F. Hook and loop strap able to suspend marker parallel to and 15.21 cm (6 in.) below E
FIG. 2 Sling Example
8.3.3.5 Place the cocked impact tester (see Fig. 1) against test, the marker shall be examined for damaged or fractured
the side of the marker centered on the grip frame directly components or parts. The marker is not fit for use if damage or
behind the center point of the trigger with the impact tester fracture is observed.
firmly affixed to an immobile surface.
8.5.2 Apparatus:
8.3.3.6 Release the impact tester and observe if the marker
8.5.2.1 Tile Floor Area—The impact medium shall consist
discharges.
ofa3mm( ⁄8 in.) nominal thickness of Type IV vinyl
8.3.3.7 Repeat by impacting the marker on the following
composition tile, composition 1-asbestos free, as specified in
axis:
FederalSpecificationSS-T-312Boveratleasta64mm(2.5in.)
(1) 180 degrees to the first impact.
thickness of concrete. The impact area shall be at least 0.3
(2) The front of the barrel aligned with the barrel’s axis. 2 2
m (3 ft ).
(3) The rearmost point of the marker aligned with the
8.5.2.2 Concrete Floor, on which to place the tiles.
barrel’s axis.
8.5.2.3 Measure,0.93m(3ft,0.5in.),toestablishtheheight
8.3.3.8 The marker fails if it discharges on any impact.
of the drop.
8.4 Barrel Blocking Device Requirement:
8.5.2.4 Projectiles, to fill the magazine or an equivalent.
8.4.1 Significance—All LVP markers that include a barrel
8.5.3 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of a
must be packaged with a barrel blocking device.
new LVP marker selected in accordance with the manufactur-
8.4.2 Test Specimen—The test specimen shall consist of a
er’s usual quality assurance practices.
new LVP marker packaged in the manufacturer’s original
8.5.4 Procedure:
packaging.
8.4.3 Procedure—Open packaging and inspect for the pres-
8.5.4.1 Conduct the test at room temperature [16 to 27°C
ence of a barrel blocking device. Any package not containing (60 to 80°F)].
a barrel blocking device fails this requirement.
8.5.4.2 The marker shall be dropped onto a specified impact
area as a completely assembled operational unit without
8.5 Impact Testing:
projectiles.
8.5.1 Significance—The test is intended to simulate situa-
tions in which possible damage can occur by reason of its 8.5.4.3 Hold the marker at a height of 0.93 m (3 ft, 0.5 in.)
falling or other impact situations that may occur as a result of above the tile floor area, measured from the point on the
reasonably foreseeable abuse.After undergoing the appropriate marker that is nearest the tile floor area. The sample shall be
F2574−06 (2010)
allowed to come to rest after each dro
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