ASTM C1738/C1738M-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Paste
Standard Practice for High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Paste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed.4 Mixing of paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1738/C1738M − 13
StandardPractice for
1
High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1738/C1738M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 mixing, high-shear, v—of pastes, the process of blend-
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic
ingdryandliquidmaterialsinacontainerusingbladesrotating
cement pastes.
axially at speeds at or above 420 rad/s [4000 rpm].
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to
be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound 4. Summary of Practice
units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
4.1 The practice describes the mixing of hydraulic cement
are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
paste in a high-shear mixer with a cooling jacket or other
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
method to control the temperature of the paste. This procedure
systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
is derived from the ANSI/API standard and the following
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reports:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(1) R. Helmuth, L.M. Hills, D.A. Whiting, S. Bhattacharja,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Abnormal Concrete Performance in the Presence of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Admixtures, RP333, Portland Cement Association, Skokie,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Illinois, USA, 1995, 92 pages and
(2) C. F. Ferraris, Measurement of the rheological proper-
2. Referenced Documents
ties of cement paste: a New Approach, Int. RILEM Conf.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
—The role of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete, ed.
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
by J.G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villareal, Monterrey (Mexico),
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
March 1999. pp. 333-342, or
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
(3) C. Ferraris, K. Obla, R. Hill, The influence of mineral
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
admixtures on the rheology of cement paste and concrete,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Cement and Concrete Research Vol. 31/2, pp. 245-255 (2001).
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
5. Significance and Use
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheol-
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
ogy of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to
3
2.2 Non-ASTM Standard:
provide a paste with rheological properties similar to those
ANSI/API Recommended Practice 10B-2 (formerly 10B)—
obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been
4
Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cementsǁ
removed. MixingofpasteusingC305isnotsatisfactoryasthe
paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In
3. Terminology
this practice the shear imparted to the cement paste is signifi-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
cantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as
specification, refer to Terminology C219.
high-shear mixing.
6. Apparatus
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC01onCementand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability. 6.1 Mixer—Composed of an electrical motor, a mixing
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
container and a tachometer with the motor speed controlled
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1738 - 11a.
automatically (rheostat adjustment of speed will not be accept-
DOI:10.1520/C1738-13.
2
able). The blades are attached to the bottom of the container
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. R. Helmuth, L.M. Hills, D.A. Whiting, S. Bhattacharja, Abnormal Concrete
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Performance in the Presence of Admixtures, RP333, Portland Cement Association,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Skokie, Illinois, USA, 1995, 92 pages.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 --------------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1738 − 11a C1738/C1738M − 13
Standard Practice for
1
High-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1738;C1738/C1738M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
3
2.2 Non-ASTM Standard:
ANSI/API Recommended Practice 10B-2 (formerly 10B)—Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cementsǁ
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C219.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 mixing, high-shear, v—of pastes, the process of blending dry and liquid materials in a container using blades rotating
axially at speeds at or above 420 rad/s [4000 rpm].
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The practice describes the mixing of hydraulic cement paste in a high-shear mixer with a cooling jacket or other method
to control the temperature of the paste. This procedure is derived from the ANSI/API standard and the following reports:
(1) R. Helmuth, L.M. Hills, D.A. Whiting, S. Bhattacharja, Abnormal Concrete Performance in the Presence of Admixtures,
RP333, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, USA, 1995, 92 pages and
(2) C. F. Ferraris, Measurement of the rheological properties of cement paste: a New Approach, Int. RILEM Conf. —The role
of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete, ed. by J.G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villareal, Monterrey (Mexico), March 1999. pp.
333-342, or
(3) C. Ferraris, K. Obla, R. Hill, The influence of mineral admixtures on the rheology of cement paste and concrete, Cement
and Concrete Research Vol. 31/2, pp. 245-255 (2001).
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2011October 2013. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1738
- 11. DOI:10.1520/C1738-11A.11a. DOI:10.1520/C1738-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1738/C1738M − 13
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide a
4
paste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed. Mixing of
paste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shear
imparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Mixer—Composed of an electrical motor
...
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