ASTM D5778-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tests performed using this test method provide a detailed record of cone resistance which is useful for evaluation of site stratigraphy, homogeneity and depth to firm layers, voids or cavities, and other discontinuities. The use of a friction sleeve and porewater pressure element can provide an estimate of soil classification, and correlations with engineering properties of soils. When properly performed at suitable sites, the test provides a rapid means for determining subsurface conditions.
This test method provides data used for estimating engineering properties of soil intended to help with the design and construction of earthworks, the foundations for structures, and the behavior of soils under static and dynamic loads.
This method tests the soil in-situ and soil samples are not obtained. The interpretation of the results from this test method provides estimates of the types of soil penetrated. Engineers may obtain soil samples from parallel borings for correlation purposes but prior information or experience may preclude the need for borings.
Note 3—The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personal performing the test, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors and Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the point resistance during penetration of a conical-shaped penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical point as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.3 This test method applies to friction-cone penetrometers of the electric and electronic type. Field tests using mechanical-type penetrometers are covered elsewhere by Test Method D3441.
1.4 This test method can be used to determine porewater pressures developed during the penetration, thus termed piezocone. Porewater pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be monitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation and permeability.
1.5 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic geophones (Test Methods D7400), resistivity, electrical conductivity, dielectric, and temperature sensors, may be included in the penetrometer to provide useful information. The use of an inclinometer is highly recommended since it will provide information on potentially damaging situations during the sounding process.
1.6 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpret subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations, they can provide data on engineering properties of soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations for structures.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within Section 13 on Calculations, SI units are considered the standard. Other commonly used units such as the inch-pound system are shown in brackets. The various data reported should be displayed in mutually compatible units as agreed to by the client or user. Cone tip projected area is commonly referred to in square centimetres for convenience. The values stated in each system are not equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Note 1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein could apply to those penetrometers. Also, offshore/marine CPT systems may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing in those environments (for exam...
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Designation: D5778 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing
1
of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* agreed to by the client or user. Cone tip projected area is
commonly referred to in square centimetres for convenience.
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotequivalents;therefore,
the point resistance during penetration of a conical-shaped
each system shall be used independently of the other.
penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady
rate.
NOTE 1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic
penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein
1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional
could apply to those penetrometers. Also, offshore/marine CPT systems
resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical
may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing in
pointasitisadvancedthroughsubsurfacesoilsatasteadyrate.
those environments (for example, tidal variations, salt water, waves).
Mechanical CPT systems are covered under Test Method D3441.
1.3 This test method applies to friction-cone penetrometers
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the electric and electronic type. Field tests using
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mechanical-type penetrometers are covered elsewhere by Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Method D3441.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.4 This test method can be used to determine porewater
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pressures developed during the penetration, thus termed piezo-
cone. Porewater pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be
2. Referenced Documents
monitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
permeability.
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.5 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic geo-
Fluids
phones (Test Methods D7400), resistivity, electrical
D3441Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests
3
conductivity, dielectric, and temperature sensors, may be
of Soil (Withdrawn 2014)
included in the penetrometer to provide useful information.
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Theuseofaninclinometerishighlyrecommendedsinceitwill
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
provide information on potentially damaging situations during
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
the sounding process.
D7400Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.6 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpret
subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific
3. Terminology
correlations,theycanprovidedataonengineeringpropertiesof
soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks
3.1 Definitions:
and foundations for structures.
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology Con-
vention (D653).
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. Within Section 13 on Calculations, SI units are
3.2.1 apparent load transfer—apparent resistance measured
considered the standard. Other commonly used units such as
on either the cone or friction sleeve of an electronic cone
theinch-poundsystemareshowninbrackets.Thevariousdata
penetrometer while that element is in a no-load condition but
reported should be displayed in mutually compatible units as
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5778–07. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5778-12. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5778–07 Designation: D5778 – 12
Standard Test Method for
Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing
1
of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the point resistance during penetration of a conical-shaped
penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical point
as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.3 Thistestmethodappliestofriction-conepenetrometersoftheelectricandelectronictype.Fieldtestsusingmechanical-type
penetrometers are covered elsewhere by Test Method D3441.
1.4 This test method can be used to determine porewater pressures developed during the penetration, thus termed piezocone.
Porewater pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be monitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation and permeability.
1.5 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic geophones (Test Methods D7400), resistivity, electrical conductivity,
dielectric,andtemperaturesensors,maybeincludedinthepenetrometertoprovideusefulinformation.Theuseofaninclinometer
is highly recommended since it will provide information on potentially damaging situations during the sounding process.
1.6 Conepenetrationtestdatacanbeusedtointerpretsubsurfacestratigraphy,andthroughuseofsitespecificcorrelations,they
can provide data on engineering properties of soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations for
structures.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within Section 13 on Calculations, SI units are considered the
standard. Other commonly used units such as the inch-pound system are shown in brackets. The various data reported should be
displayedinmutuallycompatibleunitsasagreedtobytheclientoruser.Conetipprojectedareaiscommonlyreferredtoinsquare
centimetres for convenience. The values stated in each system are not equivalents; therefore, each system mustshall be used
independently of the other.
NOTE 1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein could apply
to those penetrometers.Also, offshore/marine CPT systems may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing in those environments
(for example, tidal variations, salt water, waves). Mechanical CPT systems are covered under Test Method D3441.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D7400 Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5778–95 (2000). DOI:
10.1520/D5778-07.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5778–07. DOI:
10.1520/D5778-12.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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