ASTM D1123-22a

Standard Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the Karl Fischer Reagent Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The total apparent water in engine coolant concentrate as determined by Karl Fischer titrations consists of the following: (1) water present in the original glycol base; (2) water added (for example, inhibitor solutions); (3) water of hydration of inhibitors (for example, Na2B4O7·5H2O); (4) water formed in the chemical reaction between borate and ethylene glycol, producing boratediol condensate and water; and (5) quantitative interference by the reaction of the reagent with inhibitors such as tetraborate or sodium hydroxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the water present in new or unused glycol-based coolant concentrates using a volumetric (Test Method A) or an automatic coulometric titrator procedure (Test Method B).  
1.2 Many carbonyl compounds react slowly with the Fischer reagent, causing a fading end point and leading to high results. A modified Fischer reagent procedure is included that minimizes these undesirable and interfering reactions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see Sections 8 and 16.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 71.100.45 - Refrigerants and antifreezes
• Technical Committee: D15 - Engine Coolants and Related Fluids
• Drafting Committee: D15.04 - Chemical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1123 − 22a
Standard Test Methods for
Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the Karl Fischer
1
Reagent Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
tions of Engine Coolants orAntirusts forTesting Purposes
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
present in new or unused glycol-based coolant concentrates
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
using a volumetric (Test MethodA) or an automatic coulomet-
Titration
ric titrator procedure (Test Method B).
3. Terminology
1.2 Many carbonyl compounds react slowly with the Fis-
cher reagent, causing a fading end point and leading to high
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
results. A modified Fischer reagent procedure is included that
3.1.1 color end point—that point during the titration when
minimizes these undesirable and interfering reactions.
the color change from yellow to orange-red is sharp and easily
repeated. The orange-red color must persist for at least 30 s in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
order to indicate an end point.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.1.1 Discussion—View the color by transmitted daylight
standard.
or by transmitted light from an artificial daylight lamp, such as
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
one that complies with the specification given in Test Method
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D156.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 instrument end point—for the purpose of these tests,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. that point in the titration when two small platinum electrodes,
uponwhichapotentialof20 mVto50mVhasbeenimpressed,
For specific hazards statements see Sections 8 and 16.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- are depolarized by the addition of 0.05 mL of Fischer reagent
(6 mg of water/mL), causing a change of current flow of 10 µA
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the to 20 µA that persists for at least 30 s.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thisendpointissometimesincorrectly
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
called the “dead stop,” which is the reverse of the above.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 These test methods are based essentially on the reduc-
2
tion of iodine by sulfur dioxide in the presence of water. This
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reaction can be used quantitatively only when pyridine and an
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
alcohol are present to react as follows:
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
I 1SO 1H O→SO 12HI (1)
2 2 2 3
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on 4.2 In order to determine water, Karl Fischer reagent is
Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
added to a solution of the sample in anhydrous high-purity
mittee D15.04 on Chemical Properties.
methanol until all water present has been consumed. This is
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D1123–22. DOI: evidenced by the persistence of the orange-red end point color,
10.1520/D1123-22A.
or alternatively by an indication on a galvanometer or similar
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
current-indicating device that records the depolarization of a
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
pair of noble metal electrodes. The reagent is standardized by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the titration of water.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1123 − 22 D1123 − 22a
Standard Test Methods for
Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the Karl Fischer
1
Reagent Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the water present in new or unused glycol-based coolant concentrates using a
manualvolumetric (Test Method A) or an automatic (Test Method B) coulometric titrator procedure.procedure (Test Method B).
1.2 Many carbonyl compounds react slowly with the Fischer reagent, causing a fading end point and leading to high results. A
modified Fischer reagent procedure is included that minimizes these undesirable and interfering reactions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see Sections 8 and 16.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 color end point—that point during the titration when the color change from yellow to orange-red is sharp and easily repeated.
The orange-red color must persist for at least 30 s in order to indicate an end point.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.04
on Chemical Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022Sept. 1, 2022. Published April 2022September 2022. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20152022
as D1123 – 99D1123(2015).–22. DOI: 10.1520/D1123-22.10.1520/D1123-22A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1123 − 22a
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
View the color by transmitted daylight or by transmitted light from an artificial daylight lamp, such as one that complies with the
specification given in Test Method D156.
3.1.2 instrument end point—for the purpose of these tests, that point in the titration when two small platinum electrodes, upon
which a potential of 20 mV to 50 mV has been impressed, are depolarized by the addition of 0.05 mL of Fischer reagent (6 mg
of water/mL), causing a change of current flow of 10 μA to 20 μA that persists for at least 30 s.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This end point is sometimes incorrectly called the “dead stop,” which is the reverse of the above.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 These test methods are based essentially on the reduction of iodine by sulfur dioxide in the presence of water. This reaction
can be used quantitatively only when pyridine and an alcohol are present to react as follows:
I 1SO 1H O→SO 12HI (1)
2 2 2 3
4.2 In order to determine water, Karl Fischer reagent is added to a solution of the sample in anhydrous high-purity methanol until
all water present has been consumed. This is ev
...