ASTM D3398-00

Standard Test Method for Index of Aggregate Particle Shape and Texture

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle index of aggregate as an overall measure of particle shape and texture characteristics.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses may be approximate, except with regard to sieve size and size of aggregate, the standard SI designations shown in parentheses are the standard as stated in Specification E11.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2000
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.51 - Aggregate Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 3398 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Index of Aggregate Particle Shape and Texture
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3398; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
Purposes
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheparticle
index of aggregate as an overall measure of particle shape and
3. Significance and Use
texture characteristics.
3.1 This test method provides an index value to the relative
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
particle shape and texture characteristics of aggregates. This
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses may be
value is a quantitative measure of the aggregate shape and
approximate, except with regard to sieve size and size of
texture characteristics that may affect the performance of road
aggregate, the standard SI designations shown in parentheses
and paving mixtures. This test method has been successfully
are the standard as stated in Specification E 11.
used to indicate the effects of these characteristics on the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
compaction and strength characteristics of soil-aggregate and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
, , ,
6 7 8 9
asphalt concrete mixtures.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Cylindrical Molds—Cylindrical molds for determining
voids in aggregate, in accordance with the procedure described
2. Referenced Documents
in this test method, shall be machined to accurate dimensions
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on the inside, and sufficiently rigid to retain their forms under
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
rough usage.The dimensions of the molds shall conform to the
Coarse Aggregate
limits in Table 1.
C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
4.2 Tamping Rods—Round, straight, steel tamping rods,
Fine Aggregate
havingthetampingendroundedtoahemisphericaltip,shallbe
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
2 enclosed in a loose-fitting steel sleeve as shown in Fig. 1, to
Aggregates
control the height of drop to exactly 2 in. (50 mm). The
C 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples ofAggregate to
2 dimensions and mass of the tamping rods shall conform to the
Testing Size
3 limits in Table 2.
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
4.3 Balance—A balance having a minimum capacity of 15
D 1883 Test Method for Bearing Ratio of Laboratory-
4 kg and meeting the requirements of Specification D 4753,
Compacted Soils
Class GP5.
D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction
Materials
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock,
Huang, E. Y., “A Test for Evaluating the Geometric Characteristics of Coarse
and Related Construction Materials
Aggregate Particles,” ASTM Proceedings, Vol 62, 1962, pp. 1223–1242.
Huang, E. Y., Auer, A., and Triffo, R. P., “Effect of Geometric Characteristics
of CoarseAggregates on Strength of Soil-Aggregate Mixtures,” ASTM Proceedings,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roads Vol 64, 1964, pp. 922–933.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on McLeod, Norman W., and McLean, J. A., “A Laboratory Investigation of the
Aggregate Tests. Compaction of Dense Graded Asphalt Concrete,” paper presented at the 19th
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally Annual Conference of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association, Regina
published as D 3398 – 75. Last previous edition D 3398 – 97. Saskatchewan, Canada, 1974.
2 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. McLeod, Norman W., and Davidson, J. Keith, “Particle Index Evaluation of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Aggregate Paving Mixtures,” Proceedings, Association of Asphalt Paving Tech-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. nologies, Vol 50, 1981, pp. 251–290.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3398
TABLE 1 Dimensions of Cylindrical Molds
Min Thickness of
Mold Inside Inside
For Testing Aggregate
Metal, in. (mm)
Designa- Diameter, Height,
A,B
tion in. (mm) in. (mm)
Bottom Wall Passing, in. (mm) Retained, in. (mm)
A 8.00 6 0.01 9.33 6 0.01 0.24 0.24 1 ⁄2 1
(203.2 6 0.2) (237.0 6 0.2) (6.1) (6.1) (38.1) (25.4)
C
B 6.00 6 0.01 7.00 6 0.01 0.24 0.24 1 (25.4) ⁄4 (19.0)
3 1
(152.40 6 0.2) (177.8 6 0.2) (6.1) (6.1) ⁄4 (19.0) ⁄2 (12.7)
1 3
C 4.00 6 0.01 4.6 6 0.01 0.20 0.20 ⁄2 (12.7) ⁄8 (95)
(101.6 6 0.1) (118.5 6 0.2) (5.1) (5.1) ⁄8 (9.5) No. 4 (4.75)
D 3.00 6 0.01 3.50 6 0.01 0.16 0.16 No. 4 (4.75) No. 8 (236)
(76.2 6 0.2) (88.9 6 0.2) (4.1) (4.1) No. 8 (2.36) No. 16 (118)
No. 16 (1.18) No. 3 (600 µm)
E 2.00 6 0.01 2.33 6 0.01 0.15 0.15 No. 30 (600 µm) No. 50 (300 µm)
(50.8 6 0.2) (59.3 6 0.2) (3.8) (3.8) No. 50 (300 µm) No. 100 (150 µm)
No. 100 (150 µm) No. 200 (175 µm)
A
A cylindrical mold with a given designation must be used with the tamping rod having the same designation.
B
A mold designated for testing a given aggregates size fraction may also be used to test any smaller size fraction.
C
The mold specified in Test Method D 1883 is the same size.
TABLE 2 Dimensions and Mass of Tamping Rods
Rod
Diameter, Length,
Designa- Mass, g
in. (mm) in. (mm)
A
tion
A 0.83 6 0.01 32.0 6 0.01 2204 6 10
(21.2 6 0.2) (814.0 6 0.2)
B 0.63 6 0.1 24.0 6 0.01 930 6 10
(15.9 6 0.2) (610.0 6 0.2)
C 0.42 6 0.01 16.0 6 0.01 276 6 3
(10.6 6 0.2) (406.9 6 0.2)
D 0.31 6 0.01 12.0 6 0.01 116 6 1
(7.9 6 0.2) 306.0 6 0.2)
E 0.21 6 0.01 7.9 6 0.01 34 6 0.5
(5.3 6 0.2) (201.7 6 0.2)
A
A tamping rod with a given designation must be used with a mold having the
same designation.
6.1.2 Determine the mass of water in the mold to an
accuracy of4gor less.
6.1.3 Measure the temperature of the water and determine
thevolumeofthemoldbymultiplyingthemassofthewaterby
thecorrespondingspecificvolumeofwatergiveninTable4for
the temperature involved.
7. Test Specimen Preparation
7.1 Obtainasamplethatyieldsatleastthemassrequiredfor
the mold being used (see Table 3) for each size fraction to be
tested.Test each size fraction, listed in 7.2, when present in the
aggregate in amounts of 10 % or more.
FIG. 1 Tamping Rod and Sleeve
7.2 Wash the sample of aggregate by decantation of the
wash water through the No. 200 (75-µm) sieve or through a
sieveatleast onesizesmaller thanthat whichistobethelower
5. Sampling
limit of the smallest sieve-size fraction to be tested. Continue
5.1 Sample the aggregate to be tested in accordance with the washing and decanting operation until the wash water is
Practices D 75 and D 3665, and reduce to the appropriate test clear. Then flush the residue on the sieve back into the
sample size in accordance with Practice C 702. aggregate sample. Dry the sample to constant weight at a
6. Calibration of Mold
TABLE 3 Aggregate Specimen Size for Test Using Various Molds
6.1 Determine the volume of the mold in millilitres as
Mold Designation Aggregate Specimen Size, lb (kg)
describedbelowatleasttwotimes,andusetheaveragevolume
A 30 (13.6)
in the calculation of the percentage of voids in 8.2. B 13 ( 5.9)
C 4 ( 1.8)
6.1.1 Fill the mold with water at room temperature and
D 2 ( 0.9)
cover with a piece of plate glass in such a way as to eliminate
E 0.6 ( 0.3)
bubbles and excess water.
D 3398
A
TABLE 4 Specific Volume of Water at Different Temperatures
gate, from the lowest height possible, into the mold until it is
Temperature, °F (°C) Specific Volume, mL/g approximatelyone-thirdfull.Levelthesurfacewiththefingers,
andcompactthelayerusing10dropsofthetampingrodevenly
54 (12) 1.0005
57 (14) 1.0007
distributed over the surface. Apply each drop by holding the
61 (16) 1.0010
rod vertically with its rounded end 2 in. (50 mm) above the
64 (18) 1
...