ASTM D2274-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a basis for the estimation of the oxidation stability of middle distillate fuels such as No. 2 fuel oil.
5.2 The test method may not provide a prediction of the quantity of insolubles that will form in field storage over any given period of time. The amount of insolubles formed in such field storage is subject to the specific conditions which are too variable for this test method to predict accurately.
5.3 Test Method D2274 yields results more rapidly than Test Method D4625, the 43 °C bottle test. However, as a result of the significantly elevated temperature and the pure oxygen atmosphere, the nature and amount of insolubles may deviate to a greater extent than Test Method D4625 from those formed in field storage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the inherent stability of middle distillate petroleum fuels under specified oxidizing conditions at 95 °C.
Note 1: Fuels used in establishing the precision measures for this test method were described as gas oil, diesel fuel, No. 2 heating oil, and DFM, a Navy distillate fuel suitable for diesels, boilers, and gas turbines. (The term DFM is no longer used when referring to fuel meeting MIL-F-16884 requirements; rather it is called F76 as it conforms to NATO F76 requirements.) While the test method may be used for fuels outside the range of these fuels, the precision measures may not apply.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels containing residual oil. This test method has not been validated for testing biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D6751 or blends of middle distillates and biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D7467, or both. Test Method D7462 has been determined to be suitable for testing B100 and all blends of middle distillates and biodiesel.
Note 2: No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396 or D975 currently allow up to 5 % biodiesel meeting Specification D6751. Samples containing biodiesel can result in partial dissolution or compromise of the membrane filter and give erroneous results.
1.3 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2274 −14
Designation:388⁄97
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheinherent 2.1 ASTM Standards:
stability of middle distillate petroleum fuels under specified D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
oxidizing conditions at 95 °C. ration
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
NOTE 1—Fuels used in establishing the precision measures for this test
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
method were described as gas oil, diesel fuel, No. 2 heating oil, and DFM,
Mineral Oils
a Navy distillate fuel suitable for diesels, boilers, and gas turbines. (The
term DFM is no longer used when referring to fuel meeting MIL-F-16884
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
requirements; rather it is called F76 as it conforms to NATO F76
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
requirements.) While the test method may be used for fuels outside the
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
range of these fuels, the precision measures may not apply.
Petroleum Products
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels containing
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
residual oil. This test method has not been validated for testing
Petroleum Products
biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D6751 or blends of
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage
middle distillates and biodiesel, such as meeting Specification
Stability at 43°C (110°F)
D7467, or both.Test Method D7462 has been determined to be
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
suitable for testing B100 and all blends of middle distillates
for Middle Distillate Fuels
and biodiesel.
D7462 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel
(B100) and Blends of Biodiesel with Middle Distillate
NOTE 2—No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396 or D975
currentlyallowupto5 %biodieselmeetingSpecificationD6751.Samples
Petroleum Fuel (Accelerated Method)
containing biodiesel can result in partial dissolution or compromise of the
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
membrane filter and give erroneous results.
(B6 to B20)
3
1.3 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.2 Military Specification:
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
MIL-F-16884 Fuel, Navy Distillate
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 adherent insolubles (formerly adherent gum),
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. n—material which is produced in the course of stressing
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2274 – 10. DOI: Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, 700 Robbins
10.1520/D2274-14. Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098. Attn: NPODS
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2274−14
distillate fuel under the conditions of this test and which apparatus by thorough cleaning prior to use. Similarly, to
adheres to the glassware after fuel has been flushed from the preclude the presence of chromium ions, as well as to protect
system. laboratory personnel from potential harm, chromic acid shall
not be used for cleaning glassware in the practice of this
3.1.2 filterable insolubles, n—material, which is produced
method.
in the course of stressing distillate fuel under the conditions of
this test, which is
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2274 − 10 D2274 − 14
Designation: 388 ⁄97
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the inherent stability of middle distillate petroleum fuels under specified
oxidizing conditions at 95°C.95 °C.
NOTE 1—Fuels used in establishing the precision measures for this test method were described as gas oil, diesel fuel, No. 2 heating oil, and DFM, a
Navy distillate fuel suitable for diesels, boilers, and gas turbines. (The term DFM is no longer used when referring to fuel meeting MIL-F-16884
requirements; rather it is called F76 as it conforms to NATO F76 requirements.) While the test method may be used for fuels outside the range of these
fuels, the precision measures may not apply.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels containing residual oil. This test method has not been validated for testing
biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D6751 or blends of middle distillates and biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D7467,
or both. Test Method D7462 has been determined to be suitable for testing B100 and all blends of middle distillates and biodiesel.
NOTE 2—No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396 or D975 currently allow up to 5 % biodiesel meeting Specification D6751. Samples containing
biodiesel can result in partial dissolution or compromise of the membrane filter and give erroneous results.
1.3 The values given in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4625 Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D7462 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel (B100) and Blends of Biodiesel with Middle Distillate Petroleum Fuel
(Accelerated Method)
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14
on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2014. Published September 2010January 2015. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20082010
as D2274–03a(2008).D2274 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D2274-10.10.1520/D2274-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2274 − 14
3
2.2 Military Specification:
MIL-F-16884 Fuel, Navy Distillate
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 adherent insolubles (formerly adherent gum)gum),—n—material which is produced in the course of stressing distillate fuel
under the conditions of this test and which adheres to the glassware after fuel has been flushed from the system.
3.1.2 filterable insolubles—insolubles, n—material, which is produced in the course of stressing distillate fuel under the
condi
...
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