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ASTM E1490-03

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Descriptive Skinfeel Analysis of Creams and Lotions

Standard Practice for Descriptive Skinfeel Analysis of Creams and Lotions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedure recommended in this practice can be used to assess the sensory appearance and tactile properties of lotions and creams or ointment.
This practice is applicable to product categories that include skin lotions and creams; facial moisturizers; hand lotions and creams; and skin care products for which the appearance and tactile properties need to be assessed.
Procedures of the type described herein may be used to communicate perceived sensory properties (appearance and feel) between manufacturers and to the consumer through the media. These guidelines are suggested to meet the need for ascertaining the performance of experimental or commercial samples.
These procedures are to be used by persons who have familiarized themselves with the procedures and have had previous experience with sensory evaluation.
This practice provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effective in providing sensory evaluation descriptions.
SCOPE
1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures that may be used in the design and analysis of studies of skin care products that compare qualitatively and quantitatively various sensory attributes and their intensity (or strength) over time. These properties can then be used to define the performance of skin care products to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance, and claim substantiation.
1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of each product attribute or term, range of the rating scales, procedures for the manipulation of product alone and on the skin, selection and training of panelists, handling of products, and skin conditioning prior to tests.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2003
ICS
71.100.70 - Cosmetics. Toiletries
Technical Committee
E18 - Sensory Evaluation
Drafting Committee
E18.07 - Personal Care and Household Evaluation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1490-92(1997) - Standard Practice for Descriptive Skinfeel Analysis of Creams and Lotions
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Replaced By
ASTM E1490-11 - Standard Guide for Two Sensory Descriptive Analysis Approaches for Skin Creams and Lotions
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011
Referred By
ASTM E3288-22 - Standard Guide for Screening and Training of Assessors and a General Approach for the Sensory Evaluation of Oral Care Products: Toothpaste and Toothbrushes
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003

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ASTM E1490-03 - Standard Practice for Descriptive Skinfeel Analysis of Creams and Lotions
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1490 – 03
Standard Practice for
1
Descriptive Skinfeel Analysis of Creams and Lotions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1490; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 delivery—the stage during which the product is dis-
charged onto the finger(s) or skin.
1.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures
3.1.3 greasy—a somewhat thick, sticky, either slightly re-
that may be used in the design and analysis of studies of skin
sistant or slightly slippery film (for example, petrolatum).
care products that compare qualitatively and quantitatively
3.1.4 oily—a thin, slippery, non-sticky film (for example,
various sensory attributes and their intensity (or strength) over
mineral oil).
time. These properties can then be used to define the perfor-
3.1.5 panel leader—a person who is responsible for con-
mance of skin care products to provide direction in product
ducting descriptive panels and control product, protocols, and
formulation, research guidance, and claim substantiation.
panel maintenance.
1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of each
3.1.6 pick-up—the stage during which the product is ma-
product attribute or term, range of the rating scales, procedures
nipulated between the fingers.
forthemanipulationofproductaloneandontheskin,selection
3.1.7 reference anchors—products that are used to demon-
and training of panelists, handling of products, and skin
strate high or low intensities of a particular attribute.
conditioning prior to tests.
3.1.8 rub-out—the stage during which the product is rubbed
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
onto the skin.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.9 waxy—a rigid, dry, somewhat resistant residue.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Practice
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This practice provides for the identification of panelists
2. Referenced Documents selected and trained appropriately to evaluate the intensity and
2
duration of defined sensory characteristics of skin care prod-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ucts.ThedetailsofspecifiedproceduresaredefinedinSections
E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Ma-
7 and 8 of this practice.
terials and Products
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 The procedure recommended in this practice can be
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of descriptive terms other than
used to assess the sensory appearance and tactile properties of
those given as follows appear in the procedure of Appendix
lotions and creams or ointment.
X1.
5.2 This practice is applicable to product categories that
3.1.1 afterfeel—the feel of the skin after application of the
include skin lotions and creams; facial moisturizers; hand
sample, with or without touching, usually measured at a set
lotions and creams; and skin care products for which the
time interval.
appearance and tactile properties need to be assessed.
5.3 Procedures of the type described herein may be used to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory
communicate perceived sensory properties (appearance and
Evaluation of Materials and Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
feel) between manufacturers and to the consumer through the
mittee E 18.07 on Personal Care and Household Evaluation.
media. These guidelines are suggested to meet the need for
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published February 2003. Originally
ascertaining the performance of experimental or commercial
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E1490 – 92 (1997).
DOI: 10.1520/E1490-03.
samples.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 These procedures are to be used by persons who have
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
familiarized themselves with the procedures and have had
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. previous experience with sensory evaluation.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1490 – 03
5.5 This practice provides suggested procedures and is not
meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effective in
providing sensory evaluation descriptions.
6. Equipment
6.1 The following equipment may be used during the
evaluation process.
6.1.1 Temp
...

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5.1 The procedures recommended in this practice can be used to clinically assess axillary deodorant efficacy of personal care products.  
5.2 This practice is applicable to the product categories which include deodorant and toilet soap bars, liquid bath soaps and gels, deodorant sticks, antiperspirants, creams and lotions, body talcs, and aerosol and pump delivery deodorants, antiperspirants, and body colognes.  
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5.1 This in vivo procedure is designed to test the ability of hygienic handwash or handrub agents to eliminate fungal contamination from experimentally-contaminated hands. Since the two thumbpads and all eight fingerpads can be used in any given test, it allows for the incorporation of an input control (two), control for culturable cells of the test fungus remaining after the inoculum has dried (two), fungal cells eliminated after treatment with a control or reference solution (two), and up to four replicates to assess the fungus-eliminating efficiency of the formulation under test. No more than 100 µL of the test fungal suspension is required to complete one test.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to assess the ability of hygienic handwash and handrub agents to reduce levels of fungal contamination on hands (3) . This practice is not meant for use with surgical hand scrubs (Test Method E1115) or preoperative skin preps (Test Method E1173).  
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1.3 The practice should be performed by persons with training in microbiology in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at biosafety level 2 (4).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The approaches to the evaluation of toothbrushes and toothpaste recommended in this guide can be used to assess the sensory characteristics of toothpaste in use and after use (or a series of uses). This guide is meant to address the evaluation of standalone toothbrush and toothpaste products and does not address packaging, product/package interaction, dispensing, or overall clinical effect or benefit of the product. The procedures outlined in this guide are to be used by assessors that have been specifically screened for sensory and descriptive ability and trained in the evaluation of toothbrushes or toothpaste or both. The procedures described in this guide can be used to guide product development within a manufacturer and communicate information regarding the product to the consumer through the media or on product packaging.  
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures recommended in this practice can be used to clinically assess axillary deodorant efficacy of personal care products.  
5.2 This practice is applicable to the product categories which include deodorant and toilet soap bars, liquid bath soaps and gels, deodorant sticks, antiperspirants, creams and lotions, body talcs, and aerosol and pump delivery deodorants, antiperspirants, and body colognes.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures which may be used in the design and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the intensity of human axillary odor for the purpose of substantiating deodorant efficacy of personal care products.  
1.2 This guide includes protocols for the selection and training of assessors, selection of subjects, experimental design, and statistical analyses. This practice is limited to assessment of axillary odor by trained assessors. Self-evaluation protocols are valid for selected sensory tasks but may be less sensitive.  
1.3 With respect to the source of axillary odor, three groups of secretory glands are present in the axillae which participate to a greater or lesser extent in its production—eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous. Axillary odor has been primarily ascribed to the apocrine gland secretion (1) .2 Body odor intensity has been correlated with the volume of the secretory portion of the apocrine gland (2) and the density of the glands.  
1.3.1 Apocrine glands are found primarily in the axillary vault in conjunction with axillary hairs (3). Pure apocrine sweat is sterile and odorless and axillary odor results from degradation of apocrine sweat by resident skin bacteria  (4). High bacterial populations are found in moist regions of the body, especially in the axillae, providing the appropriate environment for growth (5).  
1.3.2 Eccrine glands keep the axillae moist through thermally and emotionally induced secretions (6).  
1.3.3 The sebaceous glands excrete higher molecular weight lipid materials which absorb and retain the volatile materials resulting from bacterial action (7) . The aerobic diphtheroids are able to produce the typical acrid axillary odor and the micrococcaceae produce an isovaleric acid-like odor when incubated with apocrine sweat (8). Therefore, the most undesirable component of axillary odor is caused by degradation of apocrine sweat by particular bacteria normally found in the axillary vault.  
1.4 Personal care products are sold and used primarily for their ability to reduce the perception of body odor not only by the individual using the product but also by individuals within the scope of contact. Deodorant protection may be achieved by these products through various modes of action. Antiperspirants achieve their primary efficacy by means of the action of inorganic salts on the eccrine gland production of sweat. Antimicrobial agents achieve deodorancy by inhibiting the growth and activity of the microflora in the axillary vault thus reducing the microbial decomposition of sweat and the consequent production of body odor. Absorbents function either by “binding” available moisture or malodorous substances. Fragrances are effective by altering the perception of malodor and increasing the degree of “pleasantness.” Other modes of control become important from time...

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ASTM
ASTM E1593-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing the Efficacy of Consumer Products in Reducing the Perception of Malodor

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to assess the ability of consumer products to reduce malodor intensity from a control state. Several experimental hypotheses are possible, depending on the objective of the test. Possible objectives with respective hypotheses are given in Appendix X1.  
5.2 Many consumer products are sold commercially with the intent of providing a means of improving the odor quality of a volume of air, or the odor quality of a substrate such as fabric or household surfaces, relative to some existing environmental condition. In the case of air care products, this typically involves the application of an odorous substance into the air space by means of some active or passive mechanism (for example, by spraying, or by evaporation). This procedure is also applicable to other mechanisms of odor reduction (for example, air filtration, chemical reactions, etc.).  
5.3 Selection of representative malodor sources is of critical importance. The malodor source must be readily available and of a consistent odor quality. A reasonable malodor source should be chemically and aesthetically correct. The experimenter and client must agree upon the appropriateness of a malodor source before further details of the test design are worked out. Experimental variation will be reduced by using uniform malodor sources. Information collected on malodor reduction will thus be more comparable from experiment to experiment and from laboratory to laboratory.  
5.4 The procedure recommended can be used for assessment of the malodor reduction and elimination efficacy of consumer products including: air fresheners, air filtration products, aerosol/spray and continuous/solid air freshener products, candles, fabric care products including detergents and fabric enhancing/conditioning products, surface care products including carpet care products, surface cleaning products such as sprays etc., pet care products, and other products intended to deliver a malodor reduction benefit. It s...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of perceived olfactory intensity of malodors for the purpose of assessing the malodor reduction efficacy of consumer products including, but not limited to, air care, fabric care, home care, pet care, and similar products.  
1.2 This guide is not intended to cover axillary deodorancy; refer instead to Guide E1207.  
1.3 Malodors may be from natural or synthetic sources.  
1.4 This guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. The user of this guide is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tools to address the experimental design.  
1.5 This guide is designed to provide guidance in product formulation and new product development, and for quality control issues.  
1.6 The scope of this guide does not include all guidance necessary to support claims. For further guidance the researcher may refer to Guide E1958. The usage of methods described in this guide can be used as part of a comprehensive claims support strategy for technical types of claims (such as claims that the product will create a sensory change when used on malodor). However, this guide does not address other important elements of the claim support strategy, including determining the statistical confidence requirements, or determination of the consumer relevance of the data obtained, as discussed in 1.7.  
1.7 The testing of products designed to reduce malodors via sensory testing as outlined in the present Guide can yield technical support for products’ efficacy claims. The methods described in this guide—assesors with identified sensory acuity and trained, malodors that may be lab-created or synthetic, and controlled exposure to malodors in a controlled indoor environment—can deliver results with high internal validity. Internal validity refers to s...

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  • Guide
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off