ASTM D6405-99(2009)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a standard procedure for obtaining the water-soluble materials (including tannins) from any material that can be prepared for and charged to the steam-jacketed extractor. The extraction solutions are then analyzed according to Test Methods D 4903, D 6401, and D 6402.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers extracting the tannin from raw and spent materials. The water extract obtained by this method is used to determine the tannin content of the original material. Analysis for total solids, soluble solids, and soluble non-tannins of the water extract from a material provides the information necessary to calculate the extractable tannin content of that material. The types of materials typically analyzed by this practice are products of plants such as woods, barks, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots, etc. and any of a wide variety of by-products (spent materials) from industrial processes utilizing plant products.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D6405 − 99 (Reapproved2009)
Standard Practice for
Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6404 Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Contain-
ing Tannin
1.1 This practice covers extracting the tannin from raw and
2.2 ALCA Methods:
spent materials. The water extract obtained by this method is
A5 Extraction of Raw and Spent Materials
used to determine the tannin content of the original material.
Analysis for total solids, soluble solids, and soluble non-
3. Terminology
tannins of the water extract from a material provides the
3.1 Definitions:
information necessary to calculate the extractable tannin con-
3.1.1 For definitions of general leather and tanning terms
tent of that material. The types of materials typically analyzed
used in this practice refer to Terminology D1517.
by this practice are products of plants such as woods, barks,
3.1.2 raw material—any of the various parts of plants that
leaves, nuts, fruits, roots, etc. and any of a wide variety of
are used as a source of vegetable tannins.
by-products (spent materials) from industrial processes utiliz-
3.1.3 spent material—plant tissue by-products from indus-
ing plant products.
trial processes which may contain significant quantities of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
vegetable tannins.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
3.1.4 tannin—an astringent substance found in the various
information only.
parts of plants such as bark, wood, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
etc.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 vegetable tannins—mixtures of substances (natural
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
products) obtained from plant tissues by water extraction
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
which have the chemical and physical properties necessary to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
convert animal hides and skins into leather.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Practice
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 The sample of material to be analyzed for tannin content
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
is first brought to moisture equilibrium with the laboratory
D4903 Test Method for Total Solids and Water in Vegetable
atmosphere (that is, wet materials such as spent materials are
Tanning Material Extracts
first dried under ambient laboratory conditions) and then
D4904 Practice for Cooling of Analytical Solutions
ground sufficiently to pass through a sieve.This ground sample
D6401 Test Method for Determining Non-Tannins and Tan-
is then extracted with water in a steam-jacketed extractor.
nin in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
D6402 Test Method for Determining Soluble Solids and
5. Significance and Use
Insolubles in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for obtain-
D6403 Test Method for Determining Moisture in Raw and
ing the water-soluble materials (including tannins) from any
Spent Materials
material that can be prepared for and charged to the steam-
jacketed extractor. The extraction solutions are then analyzed
according to Test Methods D4903, D6401, and D6402.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather
This test method has been adapted from and is a replacement for MethodA5 of the
6. Apparatus and Reagents
Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association.
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally 6.1 Sieve, with circular openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6405 – 99 (2004).
diameter.
DOI: 10.1520/D6405-99R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association. Available
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on from the American Leather Chemists Association, University of Cincinnati, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 210014, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0014.
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D6405 − 99 (2009)
6.2 Sieve, with circular openings of 2 mm diameter (U.S. Afterthisgrinding,thesampleshallbemixedandquartered,as
Std. Sieve Series No. 10). described in the Quartering Samples section of Practice D6404
until about 450 g (1 lb) remains. This material shall then be
6.3 Glass Rods, soft glass stirring rods with rounded,
ground to pass a sieve having circular openings of 2 mm
fire-polished ends.
diameter (U.S. Standard Sieve Series No. 10). This grinding
6.4 Borosilicate Glass Wool, made of soft, pliable fibers.
shall be conducted in a Wiley mill or similar grinder.
6.5 Steam-Jacketed, Borosilicate Glass Extraction
7.2 Where the original sample is too wet to be ground, or
Apparatus, as described in Fig. 1. This apparatus may need to
wheresuchgrindingislikelytocausesignificantchangesinthe
be special ordered and custom built by a laboratory glass-
moisture content, samples of raw material shall be weighed,
blowing manufacturer.
spreadouton(canvas)trayswhichpermitfreecirculationofair
all around the sample, and allowed to attain approximate
6.6 Tubing, flexible, chemical and heat resistant tubing of
appropriate size and length to fit onto the outlet tubes of the moisture equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere; the
temperature at no time should exceed 60°C. Spent materials
extractor apparatus. The tubing from the extraction chamber
outlet must fit into the receiving flask. should be similarly treated except that temperatures up to
100°C may be used. The partially dried sample shall then be
6.7 Clamps, Hoffman or similar type for us
...
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