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ASTM C1362-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic Cement Concrete

Standard Test Method for Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic Cement Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method permits a rapid assessment of the flow and consistency of freshly mixed concrete (see Note 1).
This test method also provides information on the change in flow and consistency with time of concrete containing superplasticizer admixtures.
This test method can be used to measure the uniformity characteristics of flow and consistency of freshly mixed concrete and its change with time.
Note 1—This test method may not be appropriate for use in evaluating gap-graded aggregate concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flow of a sample of freshly mixed concrete, either in the field or in the laboratory.
1.2 This test method is applicable to concrete having coarse aggregate up to 37.5 mm in size. If the coarse aggregate is larger than 37.5 mm in size, the test method is applicable when the fraction of concrete larger than 37.5 mm is removed in accordance with Practice C 172.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.60 - Testing Fresh Concrete
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1362-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic Cement Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C1362-09 - Standard Test Method for Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic Cement Concrete (Withdrawn 2014)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

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ASTM C1362-04 - Standard Test Method for Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic Cement ConcreteASTM C1362-04 - Standard Test Method for Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic Cement Concrete
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ASTM C1362-04 - Standard Test Method for Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic Cement Concrete
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1362–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Flow of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* concrete is allowed to flow into the hollow tube through its
perforations for a period of 40 s. The inner floating rod is then
1.1 This test method covers determination of the flow of a
lowered onto the concrete surface that has penetrated the
sample of freshly mixed concrete, either in the field or in the
hollow tube. The height of the concrete in the hollow tube is
laboratory.
read from the scale on the upper portion of the floating rod
1.2 This test method is applicable to concrete having coarse
protruding from the top of the hollow tube. With increasing
aggregate up to 37.5 mm in size. If the coarse aggregate is
fluidity of the concrete a higher flow reading is obtained on a
larger than 37.5 mm in size, the test method is applicable when
scale from zero to one hundred divisions.
the fraction of concrete larger than 37.5 mm is removed in
accordance with Practice C 172.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard.
4.1 This test method permits a rapid assessment of the flow
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
and consistency of freshly mixed concrete (see Note 1).
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
4.2 This test method also provides information on the
notes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
change in flow and consistency with time of concrete contain-
considered as requirements of this standard.
ing superplasticizer admixtures.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 This test method can be used to measure the uniformity
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
characteristics of flow and consistency of freshly mixed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
concrete and its change with time.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
NOTE 1—This test method may not be appropriate for use in evaluating
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause gap-graded aggregate concrete.
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Details of the apparatus are shown in Fig. 1. The
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: apparatus consists of (1) measuring rod, (2) scale datum, (3)
hollow tube with round holes and longitudinal slots, (4)
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements holding pin, (5) collar floater, and (6) tube point.
5.2 Measuring rod is a hollow tube, 13 mm in outside
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
diameter, 336 mm long with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm and it
3. Summary of Test Method
is capped at both ends with a cap 15 mm in outside diameter.
3.1 A flow apparatus comprising an outer partially perfo- A scale datum is 45 mm in outside diameter and 25 mm wide
rated hollow tube and an inner calibrated floating rod is and fabricated to fit hollow tube and accommodate measuring
inserted into a sample of freshly mixed concrete to a preset rod. Hollow tube has an outside diameter of 33 mm, and it is
level and held in place by a collar floater. A portion of the 310 mm long with a wall thickness of 4 mm and has 16 round
holes, 9.4 mm in diameter, and 4 longitudinal slots, 9.4 mm
wide by 50 mm long, which are distributed around the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
circumference of the tube as shown in Fig. 1.Apin which is a
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
rivet, 3.2 mm in diameter, protrudes 3.2 mm inside tube. Collar
C09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
floater, made of a plate 5 mm thick, has an outside diameter of
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 1362–97(2002).
90 mm and inside diameter of 33 mm, is connected to hollow
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
tube. Tube point is machined from a rod stock and fashioned
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or into a conical shape. It is secured to the bottom end of hollow
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tube, and it is used to facilitate the insertion of the ass
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal power curves are used to evaluate the isothermal hydration kinetics of the combined mixture of different materials during the early period after being mixed with water. These isothermal power curves, or hydration profiles, may provide indications relative to setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance and early strength development. The isothermal hydration profiles can also be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as curing temperature. Special care must be used in evaluating extended retardation with paste specimens, which have been shown to overestimate the retardation of some mixtures containing cement, SCM, and admixtures.  
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5.4 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.5 The procedure and apparatus can be used to monitor the thermal power from pastes and mortars alone or in combination with chemical admixtures.  
5.6 The isothermal calorimeter described here can be used to measure the thermal power and heat of hydration of mortars prepared independently or obtained by wet sieving from concrete in accordance with Practice C172/C1...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (see Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
Note 1: Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the measurement of heat of hydration. Heat of hydration can be determined according to Test Method C1702.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
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4.1 Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) covered under existing ASTM specifications are fly ash, slag cement, raw and calcined natural pozzolans including calcined clays, silica fume, and ground-glass pozzolan. The use of these materials, and limits established in existing specifications, are based on data obtained from research programs, field testing, and long term performance monitoring. Performance of SCM in specific concrete mixtures is commonly verified through preconstruction testing. This guide provides an approach to assessing the properties of materials that are not covered under existing specifications, and for assessing the performance of those materials in concrete.  
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4.3 In the absence of long-term durability or acceptable field performance, prospective users are advised to apply appropriate risk management and engineering practice in the use of an ASCM.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a technical approach to the evaluation of alternative supplementary cementitious materials such as pozzolans and hydraulic materials that fall outside the scope of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. This guide provides the initial steps for a comprehensive evaluation of an ASCM that provides due diligence for its specific intended uses in concrete; however, it does not evaluate conformance to all possible performance criteria for all types of concrete mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Performing the tests or meeting the test limits in this guide should not imply that the material tested meets the requirements of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. These materials should not be represented as such and each specific source is to be evaluated separately.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative early hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.2 Thermal profiles are used to evaluate the hydration behavior of hydraulic cementitious mixtures after the addition of water. They may provide indications concerning setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance, relative heat of hydration, and early strength development. They can be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as the initial mixture and test temperatures. Thermal profile testing is an effective tool for identifying performance sensitivities or trends, and may help to reduce the number of concrete test mixtures required to develop and qualify mixtures, especially those to be subject to variable ambient environments. It may be used by concrete producers, materials suppliers, and other practitioners to support mixture development, selection of material types or sources, optimization of proportions, or troubleshooting of field problems.  
5.3 This practice can be used to understand concrete problems related to slump loss, setting, and early strength, but results may not predict field concrete performance. Performance verification with concrete is needed to quantify the trends identified using thermal testing.  
5.4 This practice can be used to evaluate the effects of chemical admixtures on the thermal profiles of cementitious mixtures. This can be especially useful in selecting dosages appropriate for different ambient conditions.  
5.5 Thermal measurement testing as described in this practice may have similar significance and use as isothermal calorimetry described by Practice C1679 or some types of near-adiabatic calorimetry. The selection of which practice or methods to use may depend on specific applications and circumstances. The thermal profiles obtained by this practic...
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1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete, including those containing chemical admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other finely divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a specimen.  
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calorimetric measurements as a function of time can be used to describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property development. Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic or semi-adiabatic conditions. This practice cannot be described as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or compute the heat evolved from test specimens due to hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar evaluations. Variables that should be considered in the application of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This...

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ASTM
ASTM C1697-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials

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1.1 This specification covers blended supplementary cementitious materials that result from the blending or intergrinding of two or three ASTM compliant supplementary cementitious materials, for use in concrete or mortar where hydraulic or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired. The supplementary cementitious materials include slag cement conforming to Specification C989/C989M, natural pozzolans and coal fly ash conforming to Specification C618 and silica fume conforming to Specification C1240.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials as separate additions or as a manufactured blend may significantly alter the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The user should be aware of these changes and is referred to the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice2 for information and guidelines. Specific reference is made to:    
ACI 232.1R  
Use of Natural Pozzolans in Concrete  
ACI 232.2R  
Use of Fly Ash in Concrete  
ACI 233R  
Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar  
ACI 234R  
Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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