ASTM D5800-21

Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The evaporation loss is of particular importance in engine lubrication. Where high temperatures occur, portions of an oil can evaporate.  
5.2 Evaporation may contribute to oil consumption in an engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.  
5.3 Many engine manufacturers specify a maximum allowable evaporation loss.  
5.4 Some engine manufacturers, when specifying a maximum allowable evaporation loss, quote this test method along with the specifications.  
5.5 The apparatuses used in Procedure C (see Annex A2) and Procedure D, also permit collection of the volatile oil vapors for determination of their physical and chemical properties. Elemental analysis of the collected volatiles may be helpful in identifying components such as phosphorous, which has been linked to premature degradation of the emission system catalyst.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers four procedures for determining the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine oils). The evaporation measured is reported as percent total loss. The test method relates to one set of operating conditions but may be readily adapted to other conditions as required.  
1.2 Procedure B and Procedure D that are in the main section of the test method provide equivalent results. Procedures A and C, which are in Annex A1 and Annex A2, have equivalent results. It has been determined that Procedures A and C show a slight bias when compared to Procedures B and D. Procedures B and D give slightly higher results versus Procedures A and C on formulated engine oils, while Procedures B and D give lower results versus Procedures A and C on basestocks. Thus, a correction factor is utilized to convert between the two sets of Procedures based on the fluid type.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2021
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5800 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversfourproceduresfordetermining
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine
Petroleum Products
oils). The evaporation measured is reported as percent total
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
loss.The test method relates to one set of operating conditions
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
but may be readily adapted to other conditions as required.
Measurement System Performance
1.2 Procedure B and Procedure D that are in the main
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
section of the test method provide equivalent results. Proce-
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
dures A and C, which are in Annex A1 and Annex A2, have
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
equivalent results. It has been determined that Procedures A
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
and C show a slight bias when compared to Procedures B and
DIN 1725Specification for Aluminum Alloys
D. Procedures B and D give slightly higher results versus
DIN 12785Specifications for Glass Thermometers
Procedures A and C on formulated engine oils, while Proce-
duresBandDgivelowerresultsversusProceduresAandCon
3. Terminology
basestocks. Thus, a correction factor is utilized to convert
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
between the two sets of Procedures based on the fluid type.
3.1.1 evaporation loss, n—of a lubricating oil by the Noack
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
method, that mass of volatile oil vapors lost when the oil is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
heatedinatestcruciblethroughwhichaconstantflowofairis
standard.
drawn.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 volatility, n—the tendency of a liquid to form a vapor.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 A measured quantity of sample is placed in an evapo-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- ration crucible or reaction flask that is then heated to 250°C
with a constant flow of air drawn through it for 60min. The
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the loss in mass of the oil is determined.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2 Interlaboratory tests have shown that Procedure A,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Procedure B, Procedure C, and Procedure D yield statistically
2
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
equivalent precision, with a correlation coefficient of R =
0.996 (see research report).
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The evaporation loss is of particular importance in
engine lubrication.Where high temperatures occur, portions of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
an oil can evaporate.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
5.2 Evaporation may contribute to oil consumption in an
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D5800–20. DOI:
10.1520/D5800-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz,
the ASTM website. Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United State
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5800 − 20 D5800 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers four procedures for determining the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine oils). The
evaporation measured is reported as percent total loss. The test method relates to one set of operating conditions but may be readily
adapted to other conditions as required.
1.2 Procedure B and Procedure D that are in the main section of the test method provide equivalent results. Procedures A and C
, C, which are in Annex A1 and Annex A2, have equivalent results. It has been determined that Procedures A and C show a slight
bias when compared to Procedures B and D. Procedures B and D give slightly higher results versus Procedures A and C on
formulated engine oils, while Procedures B and D give lower results versus Procedures A and C on basestocks. Thus, a correction
factor is utilized to convert between the two sets of Procedures based on the fluid type.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
DIN 1725 Specification for Aluminum Alloys
DIN 12785 Specifications for Glass Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020Oct. 1, 2021. Published June 2020October 2021. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
D5800 – 19a.D5800 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D5800-20.10.1520/D5800-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5800 − 21
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 evaporation loss, n—of a lubricating oil by the Noack method, that mass of volatile oil vapors lost when the oil is heated
in a test crucible through which a constant flow of air is drawn.
3.1.2 volatility, n—the tendency of a liquid to form a vapor.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A measured quantity of sample is placed in an evaporation crucible or reaction flask that is then heated to 250 °C with a
constant flow of air drawn through it for 60 min. The loss in mass of the oil is determined.
4.2 Interlaboratory tests have shown that Procedure A, Procedure B, Procedure C, and Procedure D yield statistically equivalent
2
precision, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.996 (see rese
...