ASTM B828-02(2010)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings
Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The techniques described herein are used to produce leak-tight soldered joints between copper and copper alloy tube and fittings, either in shop operations or in the field. Skill and knowledge on the part of the operator or mechanic are required to obtain a satisfactorily soldered joint.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for making capillary joints by soldering of copper and copper alloy tube and fittings.
1.2 This procedure is applicable to pressurized systems such as plumbing, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, mechanical, fire sprinkler, and other similar systems. ASME B31.5 and B31.9 reference the techniques used for satisfactory joint preparation. It is also used in the assembly of nonpressurized systems such as drainage, waste, and vent.
1.3 It is not applicable to the assembly of electrical or electronic systems.
1.4 Tube and fittings are manufactured within certain tolerances to provide for the small variations in dimensions associated with manufacturing practice. Applicable specifications are listed in Appendix X1.
1.5 A variety of solders are available that will produce sound, leak-tight joints. Choice of solder will depend upon the type of application and on local codes. For potable water systems, only lead-free solders shall be used, some of which are described in Specification B32.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see the warning statements in 6.4.1, 6.6.1, and 6.6.3.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B828 − 02(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Practice for
Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper
Alloy Tube and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for making capillary
B32 Specification for Solder Metal
jointsbysolderingofcopperandcopperalloytubeandfittings.
B68 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright An-
1.2 Thisprocedureisapplicabletopressurizedsystemssuch
nealed
as plumbing, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration,
B68M Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright An-
mechanical, fire sprinkler, and other similar systems. ASME
nealed (Metric) (Withdrawn 2011)
B31.5 and B31.9 reference the techniques used for satisfactory B75 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube
joint preparation. It is also used in the assembly of nonpres-
B75M Specification for Seamless Copper Tube (Metric)
surized systems such as drainage, waste, and vent. B88 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
B88M Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube (Met-
1.3 It is not applicable to the assembly of electrical or
ric)
electronic systems.
B280 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Con-
ditioning and Refrigeration Field Service
1.4 Tube and fittings are manufactured within certain toler-
B306 Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)
ances to provide for the small variations in dimensions
B447 Specification for Welded Copper Tube
associated with manufacturing practice. Applicable specifica-
B640 Specification for Welded Copper Tube for Air Condi-
tions are listed in Appendix X1.
tioning and Refrigeration Service
1.5 A variety of solders are available that will produce
B641 Specification for Seamless and Welded Copper Distri-
sound, leak-tight joints. Choice of solder will depend upon the
bution Tube (Type D) (Withdrawn 1996)
type of application and on local codes. For potable water
B716 Specification for Welded Copper Water Tube (With-
systems, only lead-free solders shall be used, some of which
drawn 1994)
are described in Specification B32. B716M Specification for Welded Copper Water Tube (Met-
ric) (Withdrawn 1994)
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
B813 Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Solder-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ing of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
and are not considered standard.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ASME B16.18 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Fittings
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard ASME B16.22 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder
statements, see the warning statements in 6.4.1, 6.6.1, and
6.6.3.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper and the ASTM website.
CopperAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe and The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Tube. www.astm.org.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved as B828 – 92. Last previous edition B828 – 02. DOI: 10.1520/B0828- International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
02R10. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B828 − 02 (2010)
Joint Pressure Fittings
ASME B16.23 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage
Fittings—DWV
ASME B16.29 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder
Joint Drainage Fittings—DWV
ANSI/ASC Z49.1 Safety in Welding and Cutting
3. Terminology
3.1 For terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to
Terminology B846 for terms specific to this practice.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 soldering—a group of joining processes that produce
coalescence of materials by heating them to the soldering
temperature and by using a filler metal (solder) having a
liquidus not exceeding 840°F (450°C) and below the solidus of
the base metals.
FIG. 1 Measuring
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In actual practice, most soldering is
done at temperatures from about 350 to 660°F (177 to 349°C).
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 To consistently make satisfactory joints, the following
sequence of joint preparation and operations shall be followed:
(1) measuring and cutting,
(2) reaming,
(3) cleaning,
(4) fluxing,
(5) assembly and support,
(6) heating,
(7) applying the solder, and
(8) cooling and cleaning.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The techniques described herein are used to produce
FIG. 2 Cutting
leak-tightsolderedjointsbetweencopperandcopperalloytube
and fittings, either in shop operations or in the field. Skill and
knowledge on the part of the operator or mechanic are required
6.2 Reaming:
to obtain a satisfactorily soldered joint.
6.2.1 Ream all cut tube ends to the full inside diameter of
6. Procedure the tube to remove the small burr created by the cutting
operation. Failure to remove this rough edge by reaming is a
6.1 Measuring and Cutting:
leading cause of erosion-corrosion that occurs as a result of
6.1.1 Accurately measure the length of each tube segment
local turbulence and increased local flow velocity in the tube.
(Fig.1)toensurejointquality.Ifthetubeistooshort,itwillnot
Aproperly reamed piece of tube provides a smooth surface for
reach all the way into the cup of the fitting and a proper joint
better flow.
cannot be made. If the tube segment is too long, the possibility
6.2.2 Remove any burrs on the outside of the tube ends
exists that system strain that negatively affects service life will
created by the cutting operation to ensure proper entrance of
be introduced.
the tube into the fitting cup.
6.1.2 Cut the tube to the measured lengths using tools that
6.2.3 Tools used to ream tube ends include the reaming
provide a square cut, for example, a disk-type tube cutter (Fig.
blade on the tube cutter, half-round or round files (Fig. 3), a
2), a hacksaw, an abrasive wheel, or with a stationary or
pocket knife (Fig. 4), and a suitable deburring tool (Fig. 5).
portable band saw. Avoid deforming the tube during cutting.
With soft (annealed) tube, care must be taken not to deform the
Regardless of method, the cut shall be made square with the
tube end by applying too much pressure.
run of the tube, so that the tube will seat properly in the fitting
6.2.4 Softtempertube,ifdeformed,shallbebroughtbackto
cup.
its proper roundness and dimensions with a sizing tool. This
tool consists of a plug and sizing ring.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
6.3 Cleaning:
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
6.3.1 Clean all oxides and surface soil from the tube ends
American Welding Society Welding Handbook, Welding Processes, 8th ed., Vol
2, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126. and fitting cups. The removal of all oxides and surface soil is
B828 − 02 (2010)
6.3.2 Lightly abrade the tube ends using sand cloth (Fig. 6)
ornylonabrasivepads(Fig.7)foradistanceslightlymorethan
the depth of the fitting cups.
6.3.3 Cleanthefittingcupsbyusingabrasivecloth,abrasive
pads (Fig. 8), or a properly sized fitting brush (Fig. 9).
6.3.4 The capillary space between tube and fitting is ap-
proximately 0.004 in. (0.1 mm). Solder metal fills this gap by
capillary action. This spacing is critical for the solder metal to
flow into the gap and form a strong joint. Copper is a relatively
soft metal. Removal of too much material from the tube end or
fitting cup will result in a loose fit and interfere with satisfac-
tory capillary action in making the joint.
6.3.5 If chemical cleaning is used, the tube ends and fittings
shallbethoroughlyrinsedaftercleaninginaccordancewiththe
re
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