ASTM D2247-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative Humidity
Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative Humidity
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Water can cause the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful for assessing how it will perform in actual service. Failure in tests at 100 % relative humidity may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. This practice is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.
Tests at 100 % relative humidity are used for specification acceptance, quality control, and research and development for coatings and substrate treatments. Some tests are used for a pass or fail determination at an arbitrary time. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a period of time. Other tests are used to monitor degree of failure as a function of exposure time.
Arbitrary pass/fail levels and the test durations required are typically set in other material specific test methods. Users of this practice alone may use the known performance of the controls to set test end points. Another option is to continue the test until all specimens have failed, and use the time to reach failure as a way to differentiate performance.
Results obtained from the use of 100 % humidity tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.
The test chamber can be a small laboratory cabinet or a room large enough to hold an automobile or a truck. Some automobile manufacturers test completed vehicles in rooms maintained at 100 % relative humidity. Corrosion tests can be conducted, as the condensate dripping off the test articles in not recirculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by exposing coated specimens in an atmosphere maintained at 100 % relative humidity so that condensation forms on the test specimens.
1.2 This practice uses the technique of creating a slight temperature differential within the exposure area to form condensation on the coated specimens. As the warmer saturated air passes the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto the specimens in the form of condensation.
1.3 This practice places the entire specimen in the exposure area allowing condensation to form on all surfaces. This makes this practice suitable for flat panels as well as large or 3D objects. This practice differs from other methods where condensation is only formed on the front coating surface, but the back surface is outside the exposure area. Other tests may also deposit water droplets on the surface but where the source is not from condensation.
Note 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D4585.
1.4 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of tests conducted in 100 % relative humidity. It does not specify specimen preparation, or evaluation of results.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2247 − 11
StandardPractice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative
1
Humidity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating 2.1 ASTM Standards:
procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by exposing D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
coated specimens in an atmosphere maintained at 100 % for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
relative humidity so that condensation forms on the test Related Coating Products
specimens. D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
Steel Surfaces
1.2 This practice uses the technique of creating a slight
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
temperature differential within the exposure area to form
Paints
condensation on the coated specimens. As the warmer satu-
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
rated air passes the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
the specimens in the form of condensation.
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
1.3 This practice places the entire specimen in the exposure
Using Water Immersion
area allowing condensation to form on all surfaces.This makes
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
this practice suitable for flat panels as well as large or 3D
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
objects. This practice differs from other methods where con-
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
densation is only formed on the front coating surface, but the
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
back surface is outside the exposure area. Other tests may also
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
deposit water droplets on the surface but where the source is
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
not from condensation.
Using Water Fog Apparatus
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D4585.
ence With a Gray Scale
1.4 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining,
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
tests conducted in 100 % relative humidity. It does not specify
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
specimen preparation, or evaluation of results.
Portable Adhesion Testers
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information Using Controlled Condensation
only.
3. Summary of Practice
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Coated specimens are placed in an enclosed chamber
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
containing a heated, saturated mixture of air and water vapor.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The temperature of the chamber is usually maintained at 38°C
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(100°F). At 100 % relative humidity (RH), a very small
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperaturedifferencebetweenthespecimenandthesurround-
ing vapor causes the formation of condensation on the speci-
mens. The exposure condition is varied by selecting the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2247 – 10. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2247-11. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2247 − 11
duration of the test. Water permeates the coating at rate
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2247–10 Designation:D2247–11
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative
1
Humidity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thispracticecoversthebasicprinciplesandoperatingproceduresfortestingwaterresistanceofcoatingsbyexposingcoated
specimens in an atmosphere maintained at 100 % relative humidity so that condensation forms on the test specimens.
1.2 This practice uses the technique of creating a slight temperature differential within the exposure area to form condensation
on the coated specimens. As the warmer saturated air passes the cooler specimens, water is deposited onto the specimens in the
form of condensation.
1.3 This practice places the entire specimen in the exposure area allowing condensation to form on all surfaces.This makes this
practice suitable for flat panels as well as large or 3D objects. This practice differs from other methods where condensation is only
formed on the front coating surface, but the back surface is outside the exposure area. Other tests may also deposit water droplets
on the surface but where the source is not from condensation.
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D4585.
1.4 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of tests
conducted in 100 % relative humidity. It does not specify specimen preparation, or evaluation of results.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D609 PracticeforPreparationofCold-RolledSteelPanelsforTestingPaint,Varnish,ConversionCoatings,andRelatedCoating
Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved JulyFeb. 1, 2010.2011. Published August 2010.March 2011. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 as
D2247 – 102. DOI: 10.1520/D2247-101.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2247–11
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Coated specimens are placed in an enclosed chamber containing a heated, saturated mixture of air and water vapor. The
temperature of the chamber is usually maintained at 38°C (100°F). At
...
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