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ASTM D6717-07(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Linear density of elastomeric yarns is used in some calculations for tensile and elastic properties.
The test method is based on elastomeric yarns in the as-produced condition, but may be used for treated elastomeric yarns provided the treatment is specified. The method does not cover the removal of finish for the determination of linear density of “finish-free” elastomeric yarns.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear density of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers using a skein.
Note 1—For the determination of linear density of elastomeric yarns using short length specimens, refer to Test Method D2591.
1.2 The method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple, or elastomeric yarns removed from fabrics.
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6717-07 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D6717-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Referred By
ASTM D2731-21 - Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2653-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2591-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Short Length Specimens)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012

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ASTM D6717-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)ASTM D6717-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
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ASTM D6717-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6717 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear
density of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber,
4. Summary of Test Method
spandex or other elastomers using a skein.
4.1 Aspecimen of specified length is wound into skein form
NOTE 1—For the determination of linear density of elastomeric yarns
on a reel.The skein is cut, removed from the reel and weighed.
using short length specimens, refer to Test Method D2591.
Linear density is calculated using the mass of the skein and the
1.2 The method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or
length of yarn.
core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple, or
5. Significance and Use
elastomeric yarns removed from fabrics.
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns
tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-
having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).
mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
only.
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
teststhatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesame
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers
2. Referenced Documents
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
2.1 ASTM Standards:
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
D2591 Test Method for Linear Density of ElastomericYarns
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
(Short Length Specimens)
5.2 Linear density of elastomeric yarns is used in some
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
calculations for tensile and elastic properties.
3. Terminology
5.3 The test method is based on elastomeric yarns in the
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and as-produced condition, but may be used for treated elastomeric
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849. yarns provided the treatment is specified. The method does not
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: cover the removal of finish for the determination of linear
denier, elastomeric yarn, linear density, tex. density of “finish-free” elastomeric yarns.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
6.1 Reel , 1.125-m (1.230-yd) circumference, with multiple
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
positions for making several skeins at one time, guides that
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6717 – 07. DOI:
apply minimal friction to the running yarn, and with vertical-
10.1520/D6717-07R12.
mount creel, with automatic counter to set and count the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. This test apparatus is commercially available.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6717 − 07 (2012)
number of revolutions. The operating speed may be from 25 to 8.2 Condition the specimens, without tension, on specimen
40 rpm; however, 30 rpm is preferred. boards in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as
directed in Practice D1776 which is 21 6 1°C (70 6 2°F) and
6.2 Measuring Tape, 6-mm (0.25-in.) wide, steel, accurate
65 6 2 % relative humidity for a minimum of 4 h.
to 1 mm (0.05 in.), to verify the reel circumference.
6.3 Pads, sheepskin, to prevent yarn from sloughing off the
9. Preparation of Equipment and Calibration
bottom of the package during reeling.
9.1 Periodically confirm the circumference of the reel cir-
6.4 Balance, with an accuracy of 60.1 % of the expected cumference at each end and the middle as directed in 9.2.
mass of the specimens. Balance pan should be protected from
9.2 Make one wrap of the measuring tape around the reel
drafts.
and apply tension to the tape by attaching an 0.5 kg (1.0 lb)
weight to the end. Read the circumference directly from the
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
tape to the nearest mm (0.05 in.).
7.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
9.3 If the circumference at any of the three areas is outside
a random number of shipping units directed in an applicable
the limits of 65 mm (0. 2 in.)., adjust the reel as directed in the
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
manufacturer’s directions to bring the measurement within
chaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice
limits.
D2258. Consider shipping cases or other shipping units to be
the primary sampling units.
10. Procedure
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the 10.1 Test all specimens in the standard atmosphere for
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
testing textiles.
between shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit,
10.2 Position the reel bar with the posts in the uppermost
and between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling with
a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level
and horizontal position.
and limiting quality level.
10.3 Strip the outer layer of yarn from the package. Place
7.2 Laboratory
...

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5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The determination of twist in a straight section of a yarn is not the simple straightforward operation it appears to be, for the test results may be greatly influenced by variations in test procedures and techniques. In all manipulations, extreme care is necessary to prevent specimen rotation altering the twist level before testing begins.  
5.3 The twist in a yarn before it is packaged may be different from that of the yarn after it has been withdrawn from the package because of changes in tension and the effect of the method of withdrawal. If the yarn is withdrawn over-end, a slight increase or decrease in twist will take place, depending upon the direction of the twist in the yarn, the direction of winding on the package, and the length of the wrap on the package.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
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Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
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1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM
ASTM D6612-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Yarn Number and Yarn Number Variability Using Automated Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 Test Method D6612 also is used for the quality control of filament yarns.  
5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
5.3.2 Bad/Good Test—%BGT...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier) and related variability properties of filament and spun yarns using an automated tester with capability for measuring mass variability characteristics.  
1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
Note 1: For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907. For another method of measuring variability (unevenness) in yarn, refer to Test Method D1425.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D204-02(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sewing Threads

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acceptance Testing—The test methods in Test Methods D204 for the determination of the properties of sewing thread are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of sewing thread, unless specified in the individual test method. These test methods are the best available and are used extensively in the trade.  
4.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more) comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods can be used to evaluate sewing threads of any fiber.  
1.1.1 The test methods in this standard are intended to evaluate only sewing thread taken from thread holders.  
1.2 These test methods only provide for the measurement of sewing thread physical properties. These test methods do not address any other properties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of sewing threads under particular end use conditions.  
1.3 These test methods can be used to measure the following properties:    
Sections  
Colorfastness to Drycleaning  
73 – 83  
Colorfastness to Laundering  
62 – 72  
Colorfastness to Water Migration  
84 – 94  
Diameter  
43 – 50  
Length per Thread Holder  
34 – 42  
Shrinkage, Single Strand  
51 – 61  
Dry Heat  
58.1  
Boiling Water  
58.2  
Strength and Elongation  
15 – 21  
Single Strand—Conditioned  
19.1.1  
Single Strand—Wet  
19.1.2  
Loop Strength  
19.2  
Knot Strength  
19.3  
Twist  
22 – 27  
Twist Balance  
28 – 33  
Yarn Number  
7 – 14
Note 1: For methods covering tests on prepared seams, refer to Test Methods D1683/D1683M and D3940.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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